Wikipedia

New Melilla

New Melilla or Ensanche de Melilla is the widening of the Spanish city of Melilla that emerged in the 19th century, but especially during the 20th century.[1][2]

New Melilla
Melilla La Nueva
Ensanche
Map
Country Spain
Autonomous City Melilla
Modernist expansion1901

History

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From the end of the 19th century, a period of splendour began in Melilla, which created a modern city, and after Barcelona, the Spanish city with the greatest representation of modernist art, as well as the greatest representation of modernism in Africa.[3][4]

There are more than a thousand listed buildings that form part of the Historic-Artistic Complex of the City of Melilla, a Bien de Interés Cultural, and are spread throughout the central expansion and its neighbourhoods. Many of them are projects by an architect from the Barcelona School based in Melilla, Enrique Nieto, who produced a very extensive modernist work, as a follower of the architect Lluis Domènech i Montaner. His floral modernist buildings stand out. Other modernist authors in Melilla were Emilio Alzugaray Goicoechea and Tomás Moreno Lázaro. In the 1930s, Art Deco took hold in Melilla's architecture, and architects such as Francisco Hernanz Martínez or Lorenzo Ros Costa created spectacular buildings in the city's neighbourhoods.[5][6][7][8]

Exterior forts

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    Fuerte de Camellos
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    Fortín de Reina Regente
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    Fuerte de Cabrerizas Altas
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    Fuerte de Rostrogordo

They are a set of fortifications, forts not connected to each other and at a considerable distance from each other, built in the second half of the 19th century in a neo-medieval style that is rather more graceful than threatening, overflowing with a beauty that in some cases, when painted in bright colours, such as orange, makes one forget their defensive function, they seem more like elements of games and fun than defensive structures.

They are built with local stone for the walls and bricks for the arches and vaults, with obsolete fortification techniques, incapable of facing modern artillery, since the Riffian Kabyles, the enemy from which they had to defend Melilla, did not have artillery.

Historicisms

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Almost all public buildings, places of worship.

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    Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus
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    Military Chapel
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    Former College of Good Counsel
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    Gaselec Building
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    Central Mosque
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    Bombillo Fountain
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    House of Crystals

Eclecticisms

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    Metropol Building
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    Grupo de Escuelas Mixtas Alfonso XIII
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    Melilla Port Authority Building
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    Estación sanitaria del Puerto de Melilla (Former health station of the Port of Melilla)
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    Carmen Balaca's House
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    Headquarters of the Civil Society La Constructora
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    Polígono Market
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    Polígono Market

The eclectic is another based on mixing elements, alternating them and increasing the ornamentation, with greater richness of wrought iron and the appearance of flying cornices, highlighting Droctoveo Castañón, house of Carmen Balaca and headquarters of the North African Company and José de la Gándara, the Mixed Schools Group, current headquarters of the Department of Economy and Finance of the Autonomous City of Melilla, the Metropol building, the Melilla Port Authority building and the Polígono market.

Modernism

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Enrique Nieto He is the introducer of modernism in Melilla. Although what best defines Melilla architecture is modernism, a true continuation of the Rococo, with a very rich ornamentation, of infinite and suggestive forms and varied colours.[9]

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    Former editorial office of El Telegrama del Rif
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    Official Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Navigation
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    Furniture La Reconquista
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    Former Military Commissary
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    Former Reconquista Department Store
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    David J. Melul House
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    House of Jose Zea and Manuel Alvadalejo
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    House of Jose Garcia Alvaro
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    House of Juan Montes Hoyo

Emilio Alzugaray

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    College of the Brothers of the Christian Schools
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    House of Solomon Cohen
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    Casa de las Fieras (Melilla) (House of Beasts)
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    House of Jose Morely
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    Samuel Salama's Widow's House

Art Deco

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    Monumental Cinema Sport

His masterpiece is the Monumental Cinema Sport (1930–1932).

Enrique Nieto

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    Palace of the Assembly
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    Red Building
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    Enrique Nieto's House
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    Carcaño's House
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    Rafael Rico Albert's House
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    Real Market

Francisco Hernanz

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On the other hand, Francisco Hernanz who created zigzag works such as the House of Jacinto García Marfil, (1932), developed the aerodynamic art deco, with sober lines and almost no decoration, such as the House of Luis Raya (1935), the House of Abraham Benatar, the House of Bertila Seoane and the House of Parres.[10]

Rationalism

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    Bank of Spain building
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    Post Office Building in Melilla
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    Amram J. Wahnon House
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    Cervantes Street, 4

Industrial architecture

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    Mineral Bridge
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    CEMR Viaduct
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    CEMR mineral warehouses
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    CEMR mineral loading dock
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    CEMR mineral loading dock

Modern architecture

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    V Centenario Towers
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    Chacel Building

Municipal Cemetery of the Immaculate Conception

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    Margallo Pantheon
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    Pantheon of Heroes
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    Pantheon of Heroes
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    Regular Pantheon number 5

It is the main cemetery of the Spanish city of Melilla. It is located in the Plaza del Cementerio, at the end of the Cañada del Agua. Its construction began in 1890, under the project of the commander of engineers Eligio Suza and contracted by Manuel Fernández, and was inaugurated on January 1, 1892, and blessed by the vicar Juan Verdejo.

Sculptural elements

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    Monument to the Heroes of Taxdirt
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    Monument to the Heroes and Martyrs of the Campaigns
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    Monument to the Heroes of Spain
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    Monument to Pedro de Estopiñán and Virués
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    Statue of Legion Commander Francisco Franco Bahamonde
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    Encuentros
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    Tribute to Fernando Arrabal
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    Tribute to Melilla Modernism

Squares

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Parks

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Hernandez Park

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It is the most important park in Melilla, it was built in 1902 in the shape of a trapezoid according to the design of the engineer Vicente García del Campo, and is located in the Plaza de España

Lobera Park

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It is named after its founder Cándido Lobera Girela, who, as president of the Board of Arbitration, created this park to prevent the construction of barracks on his land.

Juan Carlos I Rey Forest Park

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Agustin Jerez Park

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References

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  1. ^ Bravo Nieto, Antonio (2008). Modernismo y art decó en la arquitectura de Melilla (Ediciones Bellaterra-UNED Melilla ed.). Barcelona : [Melilla]: Edicions Bellaterra ; UNED-Melilla. ISBN 978-84-7290-428-6. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  2. ^ Bravo Nieto, Antonio (2002). Melilla: guía histórico, artística y turística de Melilla (1a. ed.). León, España: Everest. ISBN 84-241-9300-8. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  3. ^ "Conjunto del Ensanche Modernista de Melilla". Melilla Monumental (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  4. ^ Costa, Tania (2 March 2023). "Fondo archivístico del mes: Memoria para el ensanche de Melilla. El nacimiento de una ciudad". El Faro de Melilla (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  5. ^ Gallego Aranda, Salvador (1996). Enrique Nieto en Melilla: la ciudad proyectada. Granada: Servicio de Publ. de la Univ. de Granada. ISBN 9788433822611. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  6. ^ Bravo Nieto, Antonio (1996). La construcción de una ciudad europea en el contexto norteafricano: arquitectos e ingenieros en la Melilla contemporánea (1. ed.). Melilla: Consejería de Cultura, Educación, Juventud y Deporte, Servicio de Publ. [u.a.] ISBN 84-87291-68-6. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  7. ^ Bravo Nieto, Antonio (1997). La ciudad de Melilla y su autores: diccionario biográfico de arquitectos e ingenieros (finales del siglo XIX y primera mitad del XX) (1. ed.). Ciudad Autónoma de Melilla: Consejería de Cultura, Educación, Juventud y Deporte, Servicio de Publicaciones. ISBN 84-87291-81-3. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  8. ^ Gallego Aranda, Salvador; Nieto, Enrique (2010). Enrique Nieto: un paseo por su arquitectura. Melilla: Fundación Melilla Ciudad Monumental. ISBN 978-84-96101-89-0. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  9. ^ "Melilla". Turismo Melilla (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  10. ^ "Una exposición ensalza el proyecto de ensanche de las fortificaciones de Melilla del ingeniero militar Francisco Roldán y Vizcaíno - MelillaHoy". Melilla Hoy (in Spanish). 2 October 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
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