Wikipedia

New York City Housing Authority

See also: List of New York City Housing Authority properties

The New York City Housing Authority (NYCHA) is a public development corporation which provides public housing in New York City, and is the largest public housing authority in North America. Created in 1934 as the first agency of its kind in the United States, it aims to provide decent, affordable housing for low- and moderate-income New Yorkers throughout the five boroughs of New York City.[1][2] NYCHA also administers a citywide Section 8 Leased Housing Program in rental apartments. NYCHA developments include single and double family houses, apartment units, singular floors, and shared small building units, and commonly have large income disparities with their respective surrounding neighborhood or community. These developments, particularly those including large-scale apartment buildings, are often referred to in popular culture as "projects."

New York City Housing Authority
Agency overview
FormedJanuary 20, 1934 (1934-01-20)
JurisdictionNew York City
Headquarters250 Broadway, New York City, New York
Employees13,000
Agency executives
  • Lisa Bova-Hiatt, CEO
  • Jamie Rubin, Chair
Key document
Websitenyc.gov/nycha
NYCHA Map[3]

The New York City Housing Authority's goal is to increase opportunities for low- and moderate-income New Yorkers by providing affordable housing and facilitating access to public service and community services.[4] More than 360,000 New Yorkers reside in NYCHA's 335 public housing developments across the city's five boroughs.[5] Another 235,000 receive subsidized rental assistance in private homes through the NYCHA-administered Section 8 Leased Housing Program.

History

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NYCHA was created in 1934 to help alleviate the housing crisis caused by the Great Depression during Mayor Fiorello H. LaGuardia's administration and was the first agency in the United States to provide publicly funded housing.[6][7][1] The agency used the developments to practice slum-clearance and establish model affordable housing for the city. In 1935, NYCHA completed its first development, the First Houses, located on the Lower East Side of Manhattan. The parcel of land the houses were located on were purchased from Vincent Astor and the city used eminent domain to secure the remaining property. However, the construction of the First Houses used existing apartment buildings to renovate which proved too costly.[8][1]

NYCHA's first two "new from the ground up" developments were Harlem River in 1937 and Williamsburg in 1938. Both are noted for their art-deco style of architecture, which are unique in public housing. These developments were segregated based on race with Harlem River being black-only and Williamsburg white-only.[8][1]

The Authority boomed in partnership with Robert Moses after World War II as a part of Moses' plan to clear old tenements and remake New York as a modern city. Moses indicated later in life that he was disappointed at how the public housing system fell into decline and disrepair. The majority of NYCHA developments were built between 1945 and 1965. Unlike most cities, New York depended heavily on city and state funds to build its housing after the Federal Housing Act of 1937 expired and a new bill wasn't agreed upon until the Federal Housing Act of 1949, rather than just the federal government.[9] Most of the postwar developments had over 1,000 apartment units each, and most were built in the modernist, tower-in-the-park style popular at the time. In the 1950s and 1960s, many New Yorkers, including supporters, became more critical of the agency and in response NYCHA introduced a new look that included variations of height, faster elevators, and larger apartments. In 1958, Mayor Robert F. Wagner Jr. began to shift construction away from megaprojects to smaller sites which retained the street grid and had under 1,000 units.[1]

In 1964, NYCHA ended a policy that held apartments for white tenants in an attempt to integrate the developments. Tenants organized a rent strike in opposition to the policy and the State Commission of Human Rights questioned if the policy was in accordance to the state's laws on discrimination.[10]

In 1995, the New York City Housing Authority Police Department and the New York City Transit Police were merged into the New York City Police Department by NYC Mayor Rudolph W. Giuliani and continues today as the New York City Police Department Housing Bureau.

Governance and operations

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NYCHA is a public-benefit corporation, controlled by the Mayor of New York City, and organized under the State's Public Housing Law.[6][11] The NYCHA ("NYCHA Board") consists of seven members, of which the chairman is appointed by and serves at the pleasure of the Mayor of New York City, while the others are appointed for three-year terms by the mayor.[12] The board includes three members who are residents of public housing, and a board chair who also serves as NYCHA's chief executive officer.[13]

On September 15, 2022, Mayor Eric Adams announced a new two person leadership structure for NYCHA with a split between the NYCHA Chair and CEO roles, with the CEO managing the day-to-day operations and the Chair overseeing the NYCHA Board.

The Authority is the largest public housing authority (PHA) in North America. In spite of many problems, it is still considered by experts to be the most successful big-city public housing authority in the country. Whereas most large public housing authorities in the United States (Chicago, St. Louis, Baltimore, etc.) have demolished their high-rise projects and in most cases replaced them with lower density housing, New York's continue to be fully occupied. Most of its market-rate housing is also in high-rise buildings.

NYCHA also administers a citywide Section 8 Leased Housing Program in rental apartments. However, new applications for Section 8 have not been accepted since December 10, 2009.[14]

New York also maintains a long waiting list for its apartments. Because of demand, the Housing Authority in recent years, has selected more "working families" from applicants to diversify the income structure of occupants of its housing, as had been typical of residents who first occupied the facilities.[citation needed] NYCHA's Conventional Public Housing Program has 175,636 apartments (as of 2018) in 325 developments throughout the city.[15]

NYCHA has approximately 13,000 employees serving about 173,946 families and approximately 392,259 authorized residents.[15] Based on the 2010 census, NYCHA's Public Housing represents 8.2% of the city's rental apartments and is home to 4.9% of the city's population. NYCHA residents and Section 8 voucher holders combined occupy 12.4% of the city's rental apartments.[16]

List of chairpersons

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No. Chairperson Term Mayor Previous Position
1. Langdon Post February 17, 1934 – December 1, 1937 Fiorello H. La Guardia U.S. Assistant Federal Relief Administrator
2. Alfred Rheinstein December 17, 1937 – October 9, 1939 Fiorello H. La Guardia Chairman & CEO, Rheinstein Construction Company
3. Gerard Swope December 11, 1939 – January 26, 1942 Fiorello H. La Guardia President, General Electric Company
4. Edmond Borgia Butler May 2, 1942 – July 1, 1947 Fiorello H. La Guardia Professor, Fordham University Law School
5. Thomas Francis Farrell July 1, 1947 – September 15, 1950 William O'Dwyer Chief of Field Operations, The Manhattan Project
6. Philip J. Cruise September 15, 1950 – April 3, 1958 Vincent R. Impellitteri (acting mayor) Assistant Chairman, New York City Housing Authority
7. William Reid April 1958 – December 31, 1965 Robert F. Wagner Jr. Chairman, Hudson and Manhattan Railroad
8. Missing Name January 1966 –
9. Gerald J. Carey 1966 John V. Lindsay General manager, New York City Housing Authority
10. Walter Edward Washington 1966 – 1967 John V. Lindsay Exec. Dir. National Capital Housing Authority, DC
11. Albert Walsh October 31, 1967 – January 7, 1970 John V. Lindsay Deputy Commissioner, NYS Division Housing & Urban Renewal
12. Simeon Golar January 16, 1970 – May 31, 1973 John V. Lindsay Chairman, NYC Commission on Human Rights
13. Joseph J. Christian 1973 – December 31, 1985 John V. Lindsay, Abraham D. Beame, Edward I. Koch Commissioner of Development, NYC Housing and Development Administration
14. Emanuel P. Popolizio January 4, 1986 – November 1990 Edward I. Koch Chairman, NYC Conciliation and Appeals Board
15. Laura D. Blackburne November 1990 – February 22, 1992 David N. Dinkins President & CEO, Institute for Mediation and Conflict Resolution, NYC
16. Sally B. Hernandez-Pinero February 22, 1992 – January 1994 David N. Dinkins NYC Deputy Mayor for Finance and Economic Development
17. Ruben Franco January 31, 1994 – January 7, 1999 Rudy Giuliani Pres. and General Counsel, Puerto Rican Legal Defense and Education Fund
18. John G. Martinez April 19, 1999 – April 1, 2001 Rudy Giuliani First Vice-president, Paine Webber Inc.
19. Tino Hernandez April 1, 2001 – December 12, 2008 Rudy Giuliani, Michael R. Bloomberg Commissioner, New York City Department of Juvenile Justice
20. Ricardo Elias Morales December 15, 2008 – May 13, 2009 Michael R. Bloomberg NYCHA General Counsel & Chief Ethics Officer
21. John B. Rhea June 1, 2009 – December 30, 2013 Michael R. Bloomberg Managing Director & Co-Head of Global Consumer/Retail Group, Barclays Capital
22. Shola Olatoye February 8, 2014 – April 30, 2018[17] Bill de Blasio Vice Pres. & NY Market Leader, Enterprise Community Partners, Inc.
* Derrick Cephas (Acting Chair*) May 4, 2018 – May 31, 2018[18] Bill de Blasio Vice Chair of NYCHA Board of Directors
* Stanley Brezenoff (Interim Chair & CEO*) June 1, 2018 – February 15, 2019 Bill de Blasio Interim CEO, NYC Health and Hospitals Corporation
* Kathryn Garcia (Interim Chair & CEO*) February 5, 2019 – July, 2019 Bill de Blasio Commissioner, NYC Department of Sanitation (continuing as)
23. Gregory Russ Appointed June 18, 2019, effective August 12, 2019 – September 19, 2022 Bill de Blasio, Eric Adams Executive director & CEO, Minneapolis Public Housing Authority
* Lisa Bova-Hiatt (Interim CEO*) September 19, 2022 – July 6, 2023 Eric Adams NYCHA Executive Vice President of Legal Affairs and General Counsel
24. Lisa Bova-Hiatt (CEO) Jamie Rubin (Board Chair) July 6, 2023 – Eric Adams NYCHA Interim CEO (Lisa Bova-Hiatt), Chief Investment Officer (CIO) Aligned Climate Capital (Jamie Rubin)

Capital needs

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In 2004, NYCHA contracted with the Architectural/Engineering firm Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade and Douglas to perform a needs assessment survey of all 2500+ properties owned by the agency (excluding FHA Homes, which were inspected by in-house NYCHA personnel in about 2007). In 2005, a report was released detailing the conditions of every aspect and building component of each individual property, based on a scale of 1 to 5 (in this case, 1 being the highest or best rating, and 5 being the lowest, or poorest rating). This report identified $6.9 billion in needs required to bring the Authority's structures into a state of good repair. In 2011/12, a second needs assessment survey was done by PBQ&D, which identified $16.5 billion in needs. This represented an average of $93,000 per unit. It is anticipated that an upcoming needs assessment contract will reveal capital needs in excess of $25 billion.[19] The needs assessment survey is divided into five broad categories, which are: Architectural, Mechanical, Electrical, Site, and Apartments. Given the large number of apartment units within NYCHA, the report's findings on apartments are based upon an inspection of 5% of NYCHA's total inventory.

In mid-2007, NYCHA faced a $225 million budget shortfall.[20]

In late 2015, NYCHA announced the formation of the Fund for Public Housing,[21] a nonprofit organization that will seek to raise $200 million over three years to supplement NYCHA's efforts and improve the lives of NYC public housing residents. The Fund received its first donation of $100,000 from the Deutsche Bank in December 2015.[22] Also in 2015 Mayor Bill de Blasio released a plan called Next Gen NYCHA to address funding and maintenance concerns by "revamping management practices and generate revenue by building mixed-income and affordable housing on what the city deemed underused NYCHA land, and by using new federal programs to shift NYCHA apartments over to Section 8, a more stable source of federal funding".[23][24]

In 2018, a city-wide survey of NYCHA properties found that the organization needs $31.8 billion over five years to address unmet capital repairs including replacing broken elevators, upgrading faulty heating systems, and fix run-down kitchens and bathrooms. Despite its needed repairs, the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is cutting the agency's budget to encourage NYCHA to rely on partnerships with private property managers while Governor Andrew Cuomo is withholding his multiyear funding of $550 million until a federally required monitor is appointed to oversee the housing authority.[25] Later that year, the de Blasio administration announced a plan, called NYCHA 2.0, to address the capital needs of the agency which includes converting 62,000 NYCHA apartments into Section 8 and bringing in private management to oversee the backlog of repairs for the apartments, and selling air rights over NYCHA property to raise money.[26][27][24] The conversion of the properties would be under the Rental Assistance Demonstration (RAD) federal program leading to concerns that NYCHA would be privatized.[28][29] If units were to be brought under RAD, oversight by the monitor and the court would be terminated leading to further concerns that the mold remediation ordered in the 2013 Baez lawsuit wouldn't happen.[30]

In 2019, the administration, under NYCHA 2.0, began considering demolishing and rebuilding the Fulton Houses in Chelsea and the Cooper Park Houses in Williamsburg through partnering with private developers and a 70–30 split of market-rate and affordable housing.[31][32] Other developers began lobbying the city for air rights from Campos Plaza II, Fulton Houses, and the Ingersoll Houses.[33]

The approach of the administration, under NYCHA 2.0, is a turn back to Bloomberg-era initiatives of market rate infill that he once felt ignored the concerns of NYCHA residents after a failed trial of four buildings with a 50–50 split of market-rate and low-cost housing infill did not provide enough money under Next-Gen NYCHA.[34][35] Then in July, 2020 NYCHA announced a new plan called A Blueprint for Change which would transfer 110,000 apartments to a newly created public entity - a Public Housing Preservation Trust.[36] In February, 2021 the Chelsea NYCHA Working Group released their plan for the Elliott-Chelsea Houses and the Fulton Houses and the city released an RFP for it.[37][38]

Hurricane Sandy and its impact on NYCHA

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In October, 2012, Hurricane Sandy turned out to be the single most destructive event in the history of the New York City Housing Authority. The storm impacted approximately 10% of NYCHA's developments, which left 400 buildings without power, and 386 buildings without heat and hot water.[39]

In February 2014, NYCHA's Recovery and Resilience Department was created bringing about initial agreements in over $3 billion in funding for over 33 developments by March 2015. In August 2015, the first construction began on Lower East Side V. In December 2015, NYCHA received $3 billion in disaster recovery funding and by December 2016, $201 million of construction was underway. By December 2017, $1.85 billion in contracts were awarded, and construction was underway at 27 developments. Construction at all Sandy-impacted sites are expected to be completed by the end of 2021.[39]

Lawsuits

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Tenant lawsuit

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In February 2018, attorney Jim Walden filed a lawsuit on behalf of 400,000 NYCHA tenants living in squalid conditions. The suit demands that the court appoint an independent monitor to oversee NYCHA because the agency failed to provide tenants with heat and hot water, keep residents safe from lead, involve tenants in policy-making, and hire residents, as required under federal law.[40] In April 2018, under intense pressure from the lawsuit, chairwoman Shola Olatoye resigned.[17]

Federal lawsuit

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On June 11, 2018, U.S. Attorney Geoffrey Berman filed a lawsuit accusing NYCHA of violating health and safety regulations, exposing children to lead paint, and training its workers to deceive inspectors under the oversight of chairwoman Shola Olatoye from 2012 to 2016.[41][42] According to federal prosecutors, deceptions NYCHA workers used included shutting off buildings' water supplies during inspections to hide leaks and building false walls out of plywood to hide dilapidated rooms from inspectors.[41] That day, NYCHA settled the lawsuit by admitting to the allegations, agreeing to spend an additional $1 billion over the next four years, and by agreeing to oversight by a federal monitor.[41][43] In 2019, the federal government reached an agreement with the city to appoint a federal monitor and $2.2 billion spent by the city over the next decade on repair to avoid a federal takeover.[44] In February 2019, federal officials chose Bart Schwartz as the NYCHA monitor.[45]


List Of New York City Housing Authority Properties

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This is a list of buildings held by the New York City Housing Authority, a public corporation that provides affordable housing in New York City, New York, U.S. This list is divided geographically by the five boroughs of New York City: Manhattan, the Bronx, Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island.

Manhattan

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NYCHA Developments in Manhattan
NYCHA Property Neighborhood/Subsection No.# of Buildings No.# of Stories No.# of Apartments Date of Completion Date of Demolition Notes
Alfred E. Smith Houses Lower East Side 12 17 1,931 October 30, 1950
Audubon Houses Washington Heights 1 20 167 April 30, 1962
Amsterdam Addition Upper West Side 1 27 175 January 31, 1974
Amsterdam Houses Upper West Side 13 6 and 13 1,080 December 17, 1948
Baruch Addition Lower East Side 1 23 197 April 30, 1977 Senior-Only Housing
Baruch Houses Lower East Side 17 8 and 14 2,193 June 30, 1959
Bethune Gardens Washington Heights 1 22 210 March 31, 1967
Bracetti Plaza East Village 1 7 108 May 31, 1974
Campos Plaza East Village 2 10 and 20 270 September 30, 1979
Carver Houses East Harlem 13 6 and 15 1,246 January 31, 1958
Chelsea Houses Chelsea 2 21 426 May 31, 1964 Combined with Elliott Houses
Chelsea Addition Chelsea 1 14 96 April 30, 1968 Senior-Only Housing; Combined with Elliot Houses
Clinton Houses East Harlem 6 9 and 18 749 October 31, 1965
Corsi Houses East Harlem 1 16 171 November 30, 1973 Senior-Only Housing
De Hostos Apartments Upper West Side 1 22 219 February 28, 1969
Drew Hamilton Houses Harlem 5 21 1,207 September 30, 1965
Dyckman Houses Inwood 7 14 and 15 1,167 April 25, 1951
East River Houses East Harlem 10 6, 10 and 11 1,158 May 20, 1941
Elliott Houses Chelsea 4 11 and 12 608 July 15, 1947
Fabria Houses East Village 3 5 40 May 1, 1985
First Houses East Village 8 4 and 5 126 May 31, 1936 Oldest public housing development out of all of the boroughs in the city.
Fort Washington Avenue Rehab Washington Heights 1 7 226 September 30, 1984 Senior-Only Housing
Frederick Douglass Addition Upper West Side 1 16 135 June 30, 1965
Frederick Douglass Houses Upper West Side 17 5, 9, 12, 17, 18 and 20 2,054 May 31, 1958
Frederick E. Samuel Apartments Harlem 40 5, 6 and 7 659 June 30, 1993
Fulton Houses Chelsea 11 6 and 25 945 March 31, 1965
Gompers Houses Lower East Side 2 20 474 April 30, 1964
Grampion Houses Harlem 1 7 35 May 31, 1977
Grant Houses Manhattanville 9 13 and 21 1,940 September 30, 1957
Harborview Terrace Clinton 2 14 and 15 377 June 30, 1977
Harlem River Houses Harlem 7 4 and 5 571 October 1, 1937
Hernandez Houses Lower East Side 1 17 149 August 31, 1971
Holmes Towers Yorkville 2 25 537 April 30, 1969
Isaacs Houses Yorkville 3 24 635 July 31, 1965
Jackie Robinson Houses East Harlem 1 8 189 May 31, 1973
Jefferson Houses East Harlem 18 7, 13 and 14 1,487 June 30, 1959
Johnson Houses East Harlem 10 14 1,308 December 27, 1948
King Towers Harlem 10 13 and 14 1,373 October 31, 1954
LaGuardia Addition Lower East Side 1 16 150 August 31, 1965 Senior-Only Housing
LaGuardia Houses Lower East Side 9 16 1,093 July 31, 1957
Lehman Village East Harlem 4 20 619 November 30, 1963
Lexington Houses Harlem 4 14 448 March 16, 1951
Lincoln Houses Harlem 14 6 and 14 1,282 December 29, 1948
Lower East Side II Lower East Side 4 3 188 November 1, 1988
Lower East Side III Lower East Side 2 4 56 April 30, 1997
Lower East Side Rehab Lower East Side 2 6 55 December 1, 1986
Lower East Side I Infill Lower East Side 5 4 and 9 189 April 30, 1988
Manhattanville Houses Manhattanville 6 19, 20 and 21 1,272 June 30, 1961
Marshall Plaza Washington Heights 1 20 180 June 30, 1986
Meltzer Tower East Village 1 20 230 August 31, 1971
Metro North Plaza East Harlem 3 7, 8 and 11 269 August 31, 1971
Metro North Rehab East Harlem 17 6 321 September 30, 1989
Milbank-Frawley East Harlem 2 5 and 6 82 July 31, 1988
Polo Grounds Towers Harlem 4 30 1,614 June 30, 1968
Rangel Houses Harlem 8 14 984 September 30, 1951
Riis Houses East Village 13 6, 13 and 14 1,187 January 17, 1949
Riis II East Village 6 6, 13 and 14 577 January 31, 1949
Robbins Plaza Lenox Hill 1 20 150 February 28, 1975 Senior-Only Housing
Robert F. Wagner Houses East Harlem 22 7 and 16 2,154 May 31, 1958
Rutgers Houses Lower East Side 5 20 721 March 31, 1965
St. Nicholas Houses Harlem 13 14 1,523 September 30, 1954
Straus Houses Rose Hill 2 19 and 20 267 January 31, 1965
Taft Houses East Harlem 9 19 1,464 December 31, 1962
Two Bridges URA (SITE 7) Two Bridges 1 26 250 April 30, 1975
Vladeck Houses I Lower East Side 20 6 250 November 25, 1940
Vladeck Houses II Lower East Side 4 6 238 October 25, 1940
Wald Houses Lower East Side 16 10, 11, 13 and 14 1,857 October 14, 1949
Washington Houses East Harlem 14 12 and 14 1,510 July 31, 1957
Wilson Houses East Harlem 3 20 398 June 30, 1961
Wise Houses Upper West Side 2 19 399 January 31, 1965
WSUR Brownstones Upper West Side 36 3, 4, and 6 236 June 30, 1968

Bronx

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NYCHA Developments in the Bronx
NYCHA Property Neighborhood/Subsection No.# of Buildings No.# of Stories No.# of Apartments Date of Completion Date of Demolition Notes
1010 East 178th Street West Farms 1 21 218 March 31, 1971
1162-1176 Washington Avenue Morrisania 1 6 64 December 31, 1975
1471 Watson Avenue Soundview 1 6 96 December 31, 1970
Adams Houses Melrose 7 15 and 21 925 August 31, 1964
Bailey Avenue-West 193rd Street University Heights 1 19 232 May 31, 1973
Baychester Houses Edenwald 11 6 441 May 31, 1963
Dr. Ramon E. Betances I Mott Haven 13 3, 4, 11 and 19 308 May 31, 1973
Dr. Ramon E. Betances II, 13 Mott Haven 1 6 51 July 31, 1973
Dr. Ramon E. Betances II, 18 Mott Haven 2 4 and 6 51 July 31, 1973
Dr. Ramon E. Betances II, 9A Mott Haven 1 4 46 July 31, 1973
Dr. Ramon E. Betances III, 13 Mott Haven 2 5 22 July 31, 1973
Dr. Ramon E. Betances III, 18 Mott Haven 1 5 19 July 31, 1973
Dr. Ramon E. Betances III, 9A Mott Haven 2 6 26 July 31, 1973
Dr. Ramon E. Betances IV Mott Haven 8 3, 4 and 5 282 December 31, 1973
Dr. Ramon E. Betances V Mott Haven 9 5 and 6 152 February 28, 1974
Dr. Ramon E. Betances VI Mott Haven 3 5 and 6 155 September 30, 1982
Baychester Houses Edenwald 11 6 441 May 31, 1963
Boston Road Plaza Houses Bronxdale 1 20 230 August 31, 1972
Boston Secor Houses Eastchester 4 13, 14, 17 and 18 538 April 30, 1969
Boynton Avenue Rehabs Soundview 3 4 20 1928
Bronx River Addition Soundview 2 6 and 12 225 February 28, 1966
Bronx River Houses Soundview 9 14 1,260 February 28, 1951
Bronxchester Houses Melrose 1 18 208 June 30, 1978
Bryant Avenue-East 174th Street Crotona Park East 1 6 111 1973
Butler Houses Morrisania 6 21 1,476 December 31, 1964
Castle Hill Houses Castle Hill 14 12 and 20 2,025 November 30, 1960
Claremont Parkway-Franklin Avenue Area Morrisania 3 3 and 7 1,888 December 31, 1986
Claremont Rehab (Group 2) Concourse 6 5 and 6 107 April 30, 1987
Claremont Rehab (Group 3) Concourse 5 5 112 December 31, 1984
Claremont Rehab (Group 4) Concourse 9 4 and 5 150 October 31, 1986
Claremont Rehab (Group 5) Concourse 3 5 132 November 30, 1985
Clason Point Gardens Soundview 45 2 433 1941 Oldest public housing development in the borough.
College Avenue-East 165th Street Concourse 1 6 95 1972
Davidson Houses Morrisania 1 8 177 August 31, 1973
Eagle Avenue-East 165th Street Morrisania 1 6 66 May 31, 1971
East 152nd Street-Courtlandt Avenue Melrose 2 11 and 14 1973
East 165th Street-Bryant Avenue Longwood 5 3 111 1987
East 173rd Street-Vyse Avenue East Morrisania 7 3 1995
East 180th Street-Monterey Avenue East Tremont 1 10 239 September 30, 1973
Edenwald Houses Edenwald 40 3 and 14 2,034 October 15, 1953 Largest public housing development in the borough.
Forest Houses Morrisania 15 9, 10 and 14 1,349 December 31, 1956
Fort Independence Street-Heath Avenue Kingsbridge Heights 1 21 344 November 30, 1974
Franklin Avenue I (Conventional) Morrisania 3 5 1910
Franklin Avenue I M.H.O.P. (Multi Family Homeownership Program) Morrisania 2 5 1910
Franklin Avenue II (Conventional) Morrisania 3 5 1910
Franklin Avenue III (Conventional) Morrisania 1 5 1910
Franklin Avenue III M.H.O.P. (Multi Family Homeownership Program) Morrisania 3 5 1910
Glebe Avenue-Westchester Avenue Westchester Square 1 6 132 December 31, 1971
Gun Hill Houses Williamsbridge 6 13, 14 and 15 733 November 30, 1950
Harrison Avenue Rehab (Group A) Morris Heights 1 5 1926
Harrison Avenue Rehab (Group B) Morris Heights 4 4 and 5 1926
Highbridge Gardens Highbridge 6 13 and 14 699 June 30, 1954
Highbridge Rehabs (West 166th Street-Anderson Avenue) Highbridge
Highbridge Rehabs (Nelson Avenue) Highbridge
Hoe Avenue-East 173rd Street East Morrisania 1 6
Jackson Houses Melrose 7 16 867 July 31, 1963
Jennings Street M.H.O.P. (Multi Family Homeownership Program) Morrisania 3 5
Longfellow Avenue Rehab Longwood 2 5 75 June 30, 1990
Macombs Road Morris Heights
Marble Hill Houses Marble Hill 11 14 and 15 1,682 March 3, 1952
McKinley Houses Morrisania 5 16 1,633 July 31, 1962
Melrose Houses Melrose 8 14 1,020 March 3, 1952
Middleton Plaza Pelham Bay 1 15 178 August 31, 1973
Mill Brook Houses Mott Haven 9 16 and 17 1,255 May 31, 1959
Mill Brook Extension Mott Haven 1 16 125 January 31, 1962
Mitchell Houses Mott Haven 10 17, 19 and 20 1,729 February 28, 1966
Monroe Houses Soundview 12 8, 14 and 15 1,102 September 30, 1961
Moore Houses Mott Haven 2 20 463 March 31, 1964
Morris Heights Rehab Morris Heights
Morris I Morrisania 10 16, 17 and 20 1,084 August 31, 1965
Morris II Morrisania 7 16, 17 and 20 801 August 31, 1965
Morrisania Air Rights Melrose 3 19, 23 and 29 843 February 29, 1980
Morrisania Houses Morrisania 2 16 And 17 205 May 31, 1963
Mott Haven Houses Mott Haven 8 20 and 22 993 March 31, 1965
Murphy Houses East Morrisania 2 20 281 March 31, 1964
Parkside Houses Allerton 14 6, 7, 14 and 15 879 June 12, 1951
Patterson Houses Mott Haven 15 6 and 13 1,788 December 31, 1950
Pelham Parkway Houses Pelham Parkway 23 6 1,266 June 30, 1950
Prospect Avenue M.H.O.P. (Multi Family Homeownership Program) Morrisania 1 5
PSS Grandparent Family Apartments Morrisania 1 6
Randall-Balcom Houses Throgs Neck 3 6 230 1971
Sack Wern Houses Soundview 7 6 410 May 31, 1977
Saint Mary's Park Houses Melrose 6 21 and 22 1,007 April 30, 1959
Sedgwick Houses Morris Heights 7 14 and 15 784 March 23, 1951
Sotomayor Houses Soundview 28 7 1,496 January 31, 1955 Originally known as Bronxdale Houses.
Soundview Houses Soundview 13 7 1,255 December 31, 1954
South Bronx Area (Site 402) Melrose 4 3 1986
Southern Boulevard M.H.O.P. (Multi Family Homeownership Program) Mott Haven
Stebbins Avenue-Hewitt Place Longwood 2 3 1986
Teller Avenue-East 166th Street Concourse 1 6 91 1972
Throggs Neck Addition Throgs Neck 4 8 and 11 287 September 30, 1971
Throggs Neck Houses Throgs Neck 29 3 and 7 1,185 November 30, 1953
Twin Park East (Site 9) Houses East Tremont 1 14 219 November 30, 1981
Twin Park West (Site 1 and 2) Houses Tremont 1 16 312 September 30, 1974
Union Avenue-East 163rd Street Morrisania 1 9 200 March 31, 1985
Union Avenue-East 166th Street Morrisania 6 3 120 April 30, 1988
University Avenue Rehab Morris Heights 4 6 230 January 31, 1985
Webster Houses Morrisania 5 21 605 September 30, 1965
West Farms Square Rehab East Morrisania 4 6 1915
West Farms Square (Conventional) East Morrisania 1 5 1915
West Farms Square M.H.O.P. (Multi Family Homeownership Program) East Morrisania 2 5 and 6 1915
West Tremont Avenue-Sedgwick Avenue Area Morris Heights 1 11 148 July 31, 1973
West Tremont Rehab (Group 1) Morris Heights 2 5 and 6 97 March 31, 1983
West Tremont Rehab (Group 2) Morris Heights 2 6 99 May 31, 1989
West Tremont Rehab (Group 3) Morris Heights 3 5 88 May 31, 1989

Brooklyn

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NYCHA Developments in Brooklyn

Vanderveer Estates Apartments nka Flatbush Gardens,[46] Tiffany Towers nka Tivoli Towers,[47] Ebbets Field Apartments[48] and Towers of Bay Ridge[49] and Rutland Rd Houses in Brooklyn, all five includes rent, gas & electric (AC including) in the lease, so it's not projects or developments owned by NYCHA, even though all five take Section 8.

NYCHA Property Neighborhood/Subsection No.# of Buildings No.# of Stories No.# of Apartments Date of Completion Date of Demolition Notes
104-14 Tapscott Street Brownsville 1 4 30 October 31, 1972
303 Vernon Avenue Bedford-Stuyvesant 1 24 234 May 31, 1967
572 Warren Street Boerum Hill 1 6 1971
Albany Houses I Crown Heights 6 14 824 October 2, 1950
Albany Houses II Crown Heights 3 13 and 14 396 January 31, 1957
Armstrong Houses I Bedford-Stuyvesant 11 4 and 6 369 May 31, 1973
Armstrong Houses II Bedford-Stuyvesant 5 5 248 October 31, 1974
Atlantic Terminal Site 4B Fort Greene 1 31 300 April 30, 1976 The tallest residential property owned by NYCHA, reaching 31 stories.
Bay View Houses Canarsie 23 8 1,610 May 31, 1956
Belmont-Sutter Area East New York 3 3 72 February 28, 1986
Bernard Haber Houses Coney Island 3 14 380 June 30, 1965
Berry Street-South 9th Street Williamsburg 4 3 and 6 148 September 30, 1995
Borinquen Plaza I Williamsburg 8 7 509 February 28, 1975
Borinquen Plaza II Williamsburg 7 7 425 December 31, 1975
Boulevard Houses East New York 18 6 and 14 1,436 March 22, 1951 Tallest six 14 story multi residential property from 1951-1960.
Breukelen Houses Canarsie 30 3 and 7 1,595 October 31, 1952
Breevort Houses Bedford-Stuyvesant 13 7 894 August 31, 1955[50]
Brown Houses Ocean Hill 2 6 200 July 31, 1985
Brownsville Houses Brownsville 27 6 1,319 April 16, 1948
Bushwick-Hylan Houses Williamsburg 8 13 and 20 1,221 March 31, 1960
Bushwick II & Bushwick CDA Bushwick 5 3 276 December 31, 1986
Carey Gardens Coney Island 3 15 and 17 683 November 30, 1970
Crown Heights Houses Crown Heights 8 4 1910
Coney Island Houses Coney Island 5 14 535 January 31, 1957
Cooper Park Houses East Williamsburg 11 7 699 June 8, 1953
Cypress Hills Houses East New York 15 7 1,442 May 31, 1955
East New York City Line Houses East New York 33 3 63 March 31, 1976
Farragut Houses Downtown Brooklyn 10 13 and 14 1,390 April 30, 1952
Fenimore Houses East Flatbush 18 2 36 September 30, 1969
Fiorentino Houses East New York 8 4 160 October 31, 1971
Glenmore Plaza Brownsville 4 10, 18, and 24 438 April 30, 1968
Glenwood Houses Flatlands 20 6 1,187 July 14, 1950
Gowanus Houses Gowanus 14 4, 6, 9 and 13 1,134 June 14, 1949
Gravesend Houses Coney Island 15 7 634 June 30, 1954
Hope Gardens Bushwick 4 7 and 14 324 August 31, 1981 Hosts Left Hook NYC in its community center
Howard Houses Brownsville 10 7 and 13 814 December 31, 1955
Howard Av. Houses Crown Heights 8 3 1992
Howard Av.-Park Place Crown Heights 8 3 155 August 31, 1994
Independence Towers Williamsburg 6 21 744 October 31, 1965
Ingersoll Houses Fort Greene 20 6 and 11 1,802 February 24, 1944
Johnathan Williams Plaza Williamsburg 5 14 and 21 577 April 15, 1964
Kingsborough Houses-Kingsborough Extension Crown Heights 16 6 1,148 October 31, 1941
Lafayette Gardens Clinton Hill 7 13, 15 and 20 880 July 31, 1962
Langston Hughes Apartments Brownsville 3 22 508 June 30, 1968
Lenox Road-Rockaway Parkway Brownsville 3 4 74 May 31, 1985
Linden Houses East New York 19 8 and 14 1,586 June 30, 1958
Long Island Baptist Houses East New York 4 6 233 June 30, 1981
Louis Heaton Pink Houses East New York 22 8 1,500 September 30, 1959
Marcus Garvey Houses Brownsville 3 6 and 14 321 February 28, 1975
Marcy Houses Bedford-Stuyvesant 27 6 1,705 January 19, 1949
Marcy-Greene Avs. Houses Bedford-Stuyvesant 3 3 1994
Marlboro Houses Gravesend 28 7 and 16 1,765 January 31, 1958
Nostrand Houses Marine park 16 6 1,148 December 14, 1950
O'Dwyer Gardens Houses Coney Island 6 15 and 16 573 December 31, 1969
Ocean Hill Apartments Ocean Hill 3 14 236 March 31, 1968
Ocean Hill-Brownsville Ocean Hill-Brownsville 5 4 1910
Palmetto Gardens Bushwick 1 6 115 March 31, 1977
Penn. Av. Rehab. East New York
Penn.-Wortman Avs. Houses East New York 3 8 and 16 336 September 30, 1972
Park Rock Rehab. Crown Heights 9 4 134 February 28, 1986
Prospect Plaza Ocean Hill 4 12 and 15 368 June 30, 1974 Summer of 2014 First NYCHA development to be demolished
Ralph Av. Rehab Brownsville 5 4 118 December 31, 1986
Red Hook East Houses Red Hook 27 2 and 6 2,528 November 20, 1939
Red Hook West Houses Red Hook 3 3 and 14 345 May 31, 1955 the location of the 1991 film, Straight Out of Brooklyn
Roosevelt Houses Bedford-Stuyvesant 6 14, 15 and 16 762 September 30, 1964
Rutland Towers East Flatbush 1 6 61 May 31, 1977
Saratoga Square Bedford-Stuyvesant 2 12 and 13 251 November 30, 1980
Seth Low Houses Brownsville 4 17 and 18 536 December 31, 1967
Sheepshead Bay Houses Sheepshead Bay 18 6 1,056 August 8, 1950
Sterling Pl. Rehabs Crown Heights 5 4 83 January 31, 1991
Sumner Houses Bedford-Stuyvesant 13 7 and 12 1,098 April 30, 1958
Stuyvesant Gardens I Bedford-Stuyvesant 5 4 330 August 31, 1972
Stuyvesant Gardens II Bedford-Stuyvesant 1 7 150 February 28, 1986
Surfside Gardens Coney Island 5 14 and 15 597 June 30, 1969
Tapscott St. Rehab Brownsville 8 4 155 January 31, 1986
Tilden Houses Brownsville 8 16 998 June 30, 1961
Tompkins Houses Bedford-Stuyvesant 8 8 and 16 1,048 July 31, 1964
Taylor/Wythe Houses Williamsburg 5 8, 11, 12 and 13 525 June 30, 1974
Unity Plaza East New York 5 6 462 November 30, 1973
Van Dyke Houses Brownsville 22 3 and 14 1,602 May 31, 1955 the location of the 2010 film, Brooklyn's Finest
Vandalia Av. Houses East New York 2 10 289 May 31, 1983
Vernon Houses Bedford-Stuyvesant
Walt Whitman Houses Fort Greene 15 6 and 13 1,636 February 24, 1944
Weeksville Gardens Crown Heights 2 4 and 5 257 April 30, 1974
William Reid Houses East Flatbush 1 20 228 November 30, 1969
Williamsburg Houses Williamsburg 20 4 1,620 April 10, 1938 Oldest public housing development in the borough.
Woodson Houses Brownsville 2 10 and 25 407 August 31, 1970
Wyckoff Gardens Boerum Hill 3 21 528 December 31, 1966

Queens

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Astoria Houses
 
The Queensbridge Houses
NYCHA Property Neighborhood/Subsection No.# of Buildings No.# of Stories No.# of Apartments Date of Completion Date of Demolition Notes
Astoria Houses Astoria 22 6 and 7 1,102 November 9, 1951
Baisley Park Houses South Jamaica 5 8 385 April 30, 1961
Beach 41st Street-Beach Channel Drive Houses Far Rockaway 4 13 712 November 30, 1973
Bland Houses Flushing 5 10 400 April 30, 1952
Carleton Manor Arverne 1 11 170 March 31, 1967
Conlon L.I.H.F.E. Towers Jamaica 1 13 216 March 31, 1971
Forest Hills Co-op Houses Forest Hills 3 12 430 November 30, 1975 Left NYCHA in 2017 to become a tenant-managed co-op.
Hammel Houses Rockaway Beach 14 6 and 7 712 April 30, 1955
International Tower South Jamaica 1 10 153 May 31, 1983
Latimer Gardens Flushing 4 10 434 September 30, 1970
Leavitt House Flushing 1 6 83 October 17, 1974
Ocean Bay Apartments (Bayside) Far Rockaway 24 7 and 9 1,378 September 25, 1961 formerly known as Edgemere Houses
Ocean Bay Apartments (Oceanside) Far Rockaway 7 6 417 February 28, 1951 formerly known as Arverne Houses
Pomonok Houses Flushing 35 3, 7 and 8 2,070 June 30, 1952
Queensbridge Houses (North and South) Long Island City 96 6 3,142 March 15, 1940 the largest public housing complex in the United States. The oldest Public Housing development in Queens
Ravenswood Houses Long Island City 31 6 and 7 2,167 July 31, 1951
Redfern Houses Far Rockaway 9 6 and 7 604 June 1, 1959
Rehab Program College Point
Shelton Houses South Jamaica 1 12 155 October 31, 1978
South Jamaica I Houses South Jamaica 11 3 and 4 440 August 1, 1940
South Jamaica II Houses South Jamaica 16 3 and 7 600 October 25, 1954
Woodside Houses Woodside 20 6 1,358 December 30, 1949

Staten Island

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NYCHA Property Neighborhood/Subsection No.# of Buildings No.# of Stories No.# of Apartments Date of Completion Date of Demolition Notes
Berry Houses Dongan Hills 8 6 506 October 30, 1950
Cassidy-Lafayette Houses Randall Manor 4 6 381 September 30, 1971
Mariners Harbor Houses Mariners Harbor 22 3 and 6 605 August 31, 1954
New Lane Shores Houses Shore Acres 1 10 304 July 31, 1984
Richmond Terrace Houses New Brighton 6 8 489 October 12, 1964
South Beach Houses South Beach 8 6 422 March 20, 1950
Stapleton Houses Stapleton 6 8 693 May 31, 1962 Largest public housing development in the borough.
West Brighton Houses West New Brighton 8 8 490 December 31, 1962
Todt Hill Houses Manor Heights 7 6 502 June 1, 1950

Statistics

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  • 335 developments in New York City[51]
  • Staten Island has 9 developments with 4,499 apartments
  • Queens has 22 developments with 17,126 apartments
  • The Bronx has 100 developments with 44,500 apartments
  • Brooklyn has 98 developments with 58,669 apartments
  • Manhattan has 102 developments with 53,890 apartments[16]
  • The Bronx's largest development is Edenwald Houses in Edenwald with 2,036 apartments.
  • Brooklyn's largest development is Red Hook Houses in Red Hook with 2,878 apartments.
  • Queens's largest development is Queensbridge Houses in Long Island City with 3,142 apartments
  • Manhattan's largest development is Baruch Houses on the Lower East Side with 2,391 apartments
  • Staten Island's largest development is Stapleton Houses in Stapleton with 693 apartments.[16]
  • 10 developments consisting of FHA Acquired Homes are located in more than one borough and total 200 apartments
  • 42 developments are for seniors only; 15 seniors-only buildings exist within mixed-population developments
  • NYCHA has approximately 9,822 apartments designated for seniors only
  • There also are 7,639 retrofitted apartments for families of persons who are mobility impaired as of September 30, 2007
  • As of April 13, 2017: 14 developments are at least 70 years old; a total of 60 developments are 60 to 69 years old; there are 75 developments 50 to 59 years old; another 89 developments are 40 to 49 years old, and 52 developments are 30 to 39 years old.
  • The combined demographics of all public housing developments in New York City is about 46% Black, 44% Hispanic, 4% White, 5% Asian, and 1% other.[52]
  • NYCHA residents in Chelsea earn significantly less money than the average Chelsea resident and are almost half as likely to have a college degree.[3]
  • The Queensbridge Houses in Long Island City, Queens, is now North America's largest housing project with 3,142 apartments, following the demolition of several larger Chicago housing projects, including the Cabrini–Green Homes and the Robert Taylor Homes (whose 4,321 three, four and five bedroom apartments once made it the largest public housing project in the world).[53]
  • Brownsville, Brooklyn has the highest concentration of low income public housing in America, following the demolition of a huge 5-mile long tract of public housing stretching along State and Federal on Chicago's South Side. While pre-Plan For Transformation Chicago Housing Authority high-rise developments tended to be much larger and more concentrated than those of the NYCHA, the NYCHA operates several times as many apartments and houses three times as many residents. East Harlem in Manhattan has the second highest concentration of public housing in the nation, closely following Brownsville.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e Bloom, Nicholas Dagen; Lasner, Matthew Gordon (2016). Affordable Housing in New York: The People, Places, and Policies That Transformed a City. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691167817.
  2. ^ "NYCHA Fact Sheet 2021" (PDF). Retrieved 2021-09-24.
  3. ^ a b "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-08-08. Retrieved 2016-07-12.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  4. ^ "NYCHA - About". www1.nyc.gov. Retrieved 2021-09-24.
  5. ^ "NYCHA Fact Sheet 2023" (PDF). Retrieved 2023-06-25.
  6. ^ a b Public Housing Law § 401; "The New York City Housing Authority is hereby constituted and declared to be a body corporate and politic with all the powers, rights and duties set forth in article five of the former state housing law." Municipal Housing Authorities Law (L. 1934, ch. 4), comprising §§ 60–78 of the former State Housing Law (L. 1926, ch. 823, as re-enacted by L. 1927, ch. 35), now the Public Housing Law (L. 1939, ch. 808).
  7. ^ Ferré-Sadurní, Luis (2018-06-25). "The Rise and Fall of New York Public Housing: An Oral History". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2019-05-03.
  8. ^ a b "History of Poverty & Homelessness in NYC". Retrieved 2019-05-03.
  9. ^ Bloom, Nicholas Dagen (2014-08-04). Public Housing That Worked: New York in the Twentieth Century. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-8122-0132-1.
  10. ^ Kihss, Peter (January 27, 1964). "HOUSING POLICY OF CITY CHANGED; Apartments Not Being Held for Integration Purposes". New York Times. Retrieved 2019-07-23.
  11. ^ Bass v. City of New York, 38 AD2d 407 (2nd Dept 1972).
  12. ^ Public Housing Law § 402(3)
  13. ^ Smith, Rachel Holliday (2021-02-22). "What Is NYCHA? Your Questions Answered About New York City Public Housing". THE CITY. Retrieved 2021-09-25.
  14. ^ "Applying for Section 8 - New York City Housing Authority". Archived from the original on 2013-07-15. Retrieved 2013-11-07.
  15. ^ a b "NYCHA 2018 FACT SHEET" (PDF).
  16. ^ a b c "Fact Sheet - New York City Housing Authority". Archived from the original on 2006-06-15. Retrieved 2006-04-17.
  17. ^ a b Goodman, J. David (2018-04-09). "Embattled Housing Authority Chief in New York City Is Resigning". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-04-20.
  18. ^ E-mail to NYCHA Employees from General Manager - May 4, 2018
  19. ^ Citizen's Budget Commission, December, 2017
  20. ^ "Local Elected Leaders Applaud Increased Funding For NYCHA". NY State Senate. 2007-08-17. Retrieved 2019-05-03.
  21. ^ "NYCHA - Fund for Public Housing". www1.nyc.gov. Retrieved 2016-02-23.
  22. ^ Bellafante, Ginia (2016-02-11). "Public Housing, Private Donors". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2016-02-23.
  23. ^ "NextGeneration NYCHA" (PDF). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-04-30.
  24. ^ a b Kully, Sadef (2020-08-10). "Understanding NYCHA's New Rescue Plan". Retrieved 2021-05-02.
  25. ^ Goldenberg, Sally. "At $31.8B, NYCHA's unmet capital needs dwarf government allocations". Politico PRO. Retrieved 2019-05-06.
  26. ^ "City Looks to Private Sector to Help NYCHA Repair Crisis". www.ny1.com. Retrieved 2019-05-06.
  27. ^ "NYCHA 2.0" (PDF).
  28. ^ "City Looks to Private Sector to Help NYCHA Repair Crisis". www.ny1.com. Retrieved 2020-02-10.
  29. ^ "NYCHA 2.0" (PDF). Retrieved 2021-04-30.
  30. ^ Smith, Greg B. (2020-02-07). "NYCHA Monitor, Mold Protections Vanish for Tenants Under Private Management". The City. Retrieved 2020-02-10.
  31. ^ Goldenberg, Sally. "City considers demolishing and rebuilding 2 NYCHA sites". Politico PRO. Retrieved 2019-05-06.
  32. ^ Goldenberg, Sally. "City quietly pauses plans for private development at Brooklyn NYCHA site". Politico PRO. Retrieved 2019-05-06.
  33. ^ "Developers eye NYCHA's air rights". PincusCo. 2019-05-01. Retrieved 2019-05-09.
  34. ^ Goldenberg, Sally. "With NYCHA in dire straits, de Blasio rolls out new plan with more market-rate development". Politico PRO. Retrieved 2019-05-06.
  35. ^ "NYCHA & HPD RELEASE A REQUEST FOR PROPOSALS FOR TWO NEXTGEN NEIGHBORHOODS DEVELOPMENT SITES". NYC Housing Authority. Retrieved 2021-05-02.
  36. ^ "FAQs on NYCHA's Blueprint for Change". NYC Housing Authority. Retrieved 2021-04-30.
  37. ^ "NYCHA issues RFP for $366M repair job". Real Estate Weekly. Retrieved 2021-05-06.
  38. ^ "CHELSEA NYCHA WORKING GROUP" (PDF). NYC.gov. Retrieved 2021-05-06.
  39. ^ a b "Sandy Recovery History - NYCHA". www1.nyc.gov. Retrieved 2019-05-03.
  40. ^ Mays, Jeffery C. (2018-02-27). "Tenants Sue New York City Housing Authority: 'We Have Let Other People Speak for Us for Too Long'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-03-19.
  41. ^ a b c Weiser, Benjamin; Goodman, J. David (11 June 2018). "New York City Housing Authority, Accused of Endangering Residents, Agrees to Oversight". The New York Times. p. A1. Retrieved 15 June 2018.
  42. ^ Ferré-Sadurní, Luis; Goodman, J. David (2018-05-31). "New York Public Housing Set to Get Federal Monitor and $1 Billion in Repairs". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2019-05-03.
  43. ^ Press Release (11 June 2018). "Manhattan U.S. Attorney Announces Settlement With NYCHA and NYC To Fundamentally Reform NYCHA Through the Appointment Of a Federal Monitor and the Payment By NYC Of $1.2 Billion Of Additional Capital Money Over the Next Five Years". United States Department of Justice. Retrieved 15 June 2018.
  44. ^ Weiser, Benjamin; Ferré-Sadurní, Luis; Thrush, Glenn; Goodman, J. David (2019-01-31). "De Blasio Cedes Further Control of Nycha but Avoids Federal Takeover". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2019-05-03.
  45. ^ Smith, Greg B. (2019-02-21). "New NYCHA Monitor's Strange Political Bedfellows". Intelligencer. Retrieved 2019-05-03.
  46. ^ "Flatbush Gardens Brooklyn Apartments - Apartments in Brooklyn, NY". www.flatbushgardens.net.
  47. ^ "Tivoli Towers Apartments - Brooklyn, NY". Apartments.com.
  48. ^ "Ebbetts Field Apartments - Brooklyn, NY". Apartments.com.
  49. ^ "ApplyPort". www.applyport.com.
  50. ^ "Brevoort Houses". Archived from the original on 2012-09-25. Retrieved 2014-12-17.
  51. ^ NYCHA 2021 Fact Sheet
  52. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-06. Retrieved 2013-10-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  53. ^ Barry, Dan. "Don't Tell Him the Projects Are Hopeless", The New York Times, March 12, 2005. Accessed July 16, 2008. "UP, up, up it rises, this elevator redolent of urine, groaning toward the rooftop of another tired building in the Queensbridge public housing development, the largest in Queens, in New York, in North America."
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