Niculescu is a Romanian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Bogdan Niculescu-Duvăz, politician and architect
- Cezar Niculescu, basketball player
- Claudiu Niculescu, soccer player
- Dan Niculescu, basketball player
- Margareta Niculescu, artist, puppeteer, director, teacher, and theater director
- Monica Niculescu, tennis player
- Nifon Niculescu, bishop
- Oana Niculescu-Mizil, politician
- Paul Niculescu-Mizil, communist politician
- Radu Niculescu, soccer player
- Ștefan Niculescu, composer