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Nils Svante Flyg (9 June 1891 – 9 January 1943) was a Swedish Communist politician who turned pro-Nazi during World War II.
Nils Flyg | |
|---|---|
 Nils Flyg c. 1938 | |
| Leader of the Socialist Party | |
| In office 1929–1943 | |
| Preceded by | Position created |
| Succeeded by | Agaton Blom |
| Leader of the Communist Party | |
| In office 1924–1929 Serving with Karl Kilbom | |
| Preceded by | Zeth Höglund |
| Succeeded by | Sven Linderot |
| Leader of the Communist Youth League | |
| In office 1921–1924 | |
| Preceded by | Zeth Höglund |
| Succeeded by | Unknown |
| Member of the Riksdag's Second Chamber for Stockholm County | |
| In office 1929–1940 | |
| Constituency | Stockholm County |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 9 June 1891 Maria Magdalena parish, Stockholm Municipality, Stockholm County, Sweden[1] |
| Died | 9 January 1943 (aged 51) Nacka parish, Nacka Municipality, Stockholm County, Sweden [1] |
| Resting place | Nacka Church graveyard |
| Political party | Socialist Party (1929–1943) |
| Other political affiliations | Communist Party (1921–1929) Social Democratic Party[1] (before 1919) |
| Profession | Book editor, politician |
Nils Flyg was born and raised in Södermalm, a working-class area of Stockholm at the time. Early on he joined the Swedish Social Democratic Party's youth organization, the Swedish Social Democratic Youth League. In 1917, Flyg took part in the founding of a new leftist party, a group headed by Zeth Höglund and Karl Kilbom, which would soon become the Communist Party of Sweden.
Flyg became an important leader of the Communist Party, wrote books and went on political trips to the Soviet Union. In the general election of 1928, with the Flyg-dominated Communists cooperating with the dominant Social Democratic Party, he failed to achieve an influential position as voters failed to show substantial support for a Communist-Social Democratic coalition. In 1929 Flyg, along with the majority of the party's membership, was accused of insufficient loyalty to the Soviet-dominated Comintern and expelled from the party. The same year Flyg and Kilbom founded a new, parallel Communist Party, which claimed to be the real Communist Party of Sweden.
Initially Flyg and Kilbom attempted to reconcile with the Comintern, something that soon proved fruitless. Flyg and Kilbom who supported Nikolai Bukharin and his Right Opposition, gradually developed an animosity towards Stalinism. By 1934 the party had changed name to the Socialist Party (Socialistiska partiet). At first, the Socialist Party still supported the Soviet Union but condemned the Stalinist leadership. But by the end of the 1930s, the party had changed its view and criticized the whole of the Soviet Union, a stance that gradually developed to a foreign policy embracing Nazi Germany.
In 1937 Kilbom was expelled from the party after a few years of disputes and personal struggle between the two leaders. After the expulsion of Kilbom a majority of the members of the party left. The Socialist Party shrank dramatically and Flyg became more and more politically isolated.
At the beginning of World War II, Flyg came out in opposition to fascism, and the Nazi-Soviet pact in his eyes proved that Stalinism was just as bad as fascism. But when Hitler broke the pact with Stalin, and Germany launched the invasion against the Soviet Union, Flyg decided that he had to support the Nazis against Stalin, hoping it would lead to the end of Stalinism.[2] Financial constraints led him to approach the German High Commission in Stockholm.[citation needed] Initially, the Germans turned down his request for funding, but in the final stages of the war (when the Germans felt a more urgent need for allies in the Swedish politics) funding was granted.[citation needed] Gradually, Flyg and his party developed a pro-Nazi position.
Still, Nils Flyg never fully gave in to Hitlerism.[2][3] He was neither an adherent of core fascist or racist policies, and considered himself a socialist until his death.[citation needed] He was against capitalism and imperialism and openly supported the basic ideas of Marx and Lenin. In one speech to a group of Swedish Nazis, he caused confusion when he declared: "Death to communism! Long live communism!".[citation needed]
Flyg killed himself in 1943 due to increasing heart problems.[4][5]
References
edit- ^ a b c "Nils S Flyg - Journalist, Partiledare, Tidningsredaktör". riksarkivet.se. National Archives of Sweden. Archived from the original on 20 May 2021.
- ^ a b Stenfeldt, Johan. "Johan Stenfeldt – En kommunist som blir nazist, en nazist som blir kommunist" (in Swedish). Lund: Lund University. Archived from the original on 20 May 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
- ^ Stenfeldt, Johan (2019). Renegater : Nils Flyg och Sven Olov Lindholm i gränslandet mellan kommunism och nazism. Lund: Nordic Academic Press. ISBN 9789188909282.
- ^ Stenfeldt, Johan (2020). "Johan Stenfeldt – En kommunist som blir nazist, en nazist som blir kommunist" – via YouTube.
- ^ Knut Senander, Röd gryning, sid. 77