The Nineveh Plain Protection Units (Classical Syriac: ܚܕܝ̈ܘܬ ܣܬܪܐ ܕܫܛܚܐ ܕܢܝܢܘܐ Ḥḏāywāṯ Settārā da-Šṭāḥā d-Nīnwē; Arabic: وحدات حماية سهل نينوى) or NPU is an Assyrian paramilitary organization that was formed in late 2014, largely but not exclusively by Assyrians in Iraq to defend themselves against Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL).[5] The Nineveh Plains is a region where Assyrians originate from and have lived there for thousands of years.[6]
| Nineveh Plain Protection Units | |
|---|---|
| ܚܕܝ̈ܘܬ ܣܬܪܐ ܕܫܛܚܐ ܕܢܝܢܘܐ | |
 Emblem of the NPU. | |
| Leaders | Behnam Abush[1] |
| Dates of operation | December 2014 – present |
| Allegiance |  Assyrian Democratic Movement[2] |
| Active regions | Nineveh Plains Northern Iraq |
| Status | Active |
| Size | 600 active (2020)[3] |
| Part of |
|
| Opponents | |
| Battles and wars | |
| Flag | .svg) |
![Chaldean_flag]](/wiki/File:Chaldean_flag.svg){kind=small}
Statistics
editBy December 2014, the group said it had between 500 and 1,000 men in training and that the US was helping train them, and that financial support was coming mostly from the Assyrian diaspora in the US and Europe.[5][6] In February 2015, there were unverified reports that the group had 5,000 Assyrian men registered to be trained, 500 are already training for combat, and 500 volunteers from the group stationed in threatened towns.[2][7]
The Assyrian Policy Institute reported in 2020 that the NPU had 2,000 men registered to be trained awaiting approval and funding from the Federal government of Iraq and that they had 600 active soldiers deployed and running the security in towns such as Bakhdida, Karamlesh, partly in Bartella and the ancient city of Nimrud.[3]
A 2019 testimony from Assyrian activist Reine Hanna at the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom claimed that the rate of Assyrian return in towns guarded by the NPU was significantly higher than those controlled by other forces following the end of the Islamic State's occupation of the Nineveh Plain. The NPU-guarded Assyrian town of Bakhdida, for example, saw a 70% return of the town's original Assyrian population (about 35,000 Assyrians). In Tesqopa, which is controlled by KRG Peshmerga, the rate of return is about 20% of the original Assyrian population. In Tel Keppe, which is controlled by Brigade 50, the return rate of the original Assyrian population is about 7%.[8]
Activities
editIn May 2016, NPU participated in fighting at Tesqopa along with Peshmerga forces in order to capture the town from ISIS.[9]
In September 2016, NPU soldiers repelled an ISIL effort to retake Tesqopa.[10]
Also in September 2016, NPU liberated the Shabak village of Badanah from ISIL, with the support of international coalition airstrikes.[11][12][13][14]
In October 2016, NPU, alongside Iraqi Army forces liberated the Town of Bartella from ISIL.[15]
On the 19th of October, 2016, NPU and the Iraqi Army liberated the Town of Bakhdida from ISIL. They currently run the security profile of the town and protected the town during its first Christmas mass in two years.[16]
In December 2016 Jameel al-Jameel, a member of the Nineveh Plains Protection Units claimed that Kurdish soldiers at checkpoints were interrogating and preventing Assyrian NPU soldiers and civilians seeking to enter the Nineveh Plain.[17][18]
In July 2017, NPU was involved in clashes with the Babylon Brigades, led by Rayan al-Kildani. Two days prior to the incident, NPU captured 6 members of the Babylon Brigades on allegations of stealing ancient artefacts from Mar Behnam Monastery.[19] Babylon Brigades have since been expelled by the Iraqi Prime Minister Office & PMU High Command from all of Hamdaniya District.[20] NPU has taken control of Mar Behnam Monastery.
In December 2018, the Iraqi Government provided funding to the NPU to recruit another 100 troops.
Security
editThe Nineveh Plains Protection Units currently run the security in all major towns in the Al-Hamdaniya District (Bakhdida and Karamlesh), while in Bartella the security is contested by PMF Brigade 30 or known as the Shabak Militia with the support of the Badr Organization leaving the NPU outnumbered. As of 2020[update], Nimrud was also under the control of the Nineveh Plains Protection Units.[3]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Benham Abush, a former general in the Iraqi army and the NPU’s first commanding officer
- ^ a b Jack Moore for Newsweek. Feb 4, 2015 4000 Strong NPU Assyrian Soldiers
- ^ a b c Contested Control: The Future of Security in Iraq's Nineveh Plain (PDF). Assyrian Policy Institute. June 1, 2020. p. 34.
- ^ "About the NPU".
- ^ a b John Burger for Aletia. December 4, 2014 Christians in Iraq Forming Militia to Defend, and Possibly Retake, Ancestral Lands
- ^ a b Steven Nelson for U.S. News & World Report. Feb. 6, 2015 Iraqi Assyrian Christians Form Anti-ISIS Militia, and You Can Legally Chip In
- ^ Nour Malas (February 3, 2015). "The Assyrian Christians Take Up Arms To Fight ISIS". Wall Street Journal.
- ^ Hanna, Reine (September 26, 2019). "Testimony for the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom Religious Minorities' Fight to Remain in Iraq" (PDF). United States Commission on International Religious Freedom. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
- ^ "Video purportedly shows battle in which Navy SEAL was killed". Fox News. 5 May 2016.
- ^ "Assyrian Christian forces clear Islamic State from village in northern Iraq". Iraqi Christian Relief Council. September 8, 2016. Archived from the original on February 16, 2017. Retrieved February 15, 2017.
- ^ Fadel, Leith (3 September 2016). "Assyrians fight back in Iraq, Badanah village liberated from ISIS". AMN - Al-Masdar News. Archived from the original on 18 July 2018. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
Joining the Iraqi Army in their fight to liberate the historical city of Mosul, the Nineveh Protection Units have proven to be a formidable force against the Islamic State terrorists.
- ^ "Fighting fire with fire". Catholic Herald. 15 September 2016.
- ^ "Christian militia claim victory over ISIS in Iraqi village". Catholic Herald. 5 September 2016.
- ^ Shiloach, Gilad (2 September 2016). "Iraqi Christian Militia Claims ISIS Victory With Coalition Help". Vocativ.
...it had help from the air and the U.S.-led international coalition....they were being supported by the Iraqi Government and the Kurdish Peshmerga security forces
- ^ "Video: Iraqi troops liberate Christian town of Bartella from IS group". France 24. 23 October 2016.
- ^ "Iraqi Christians in Qaraqosh ready to fight back against Islamic State". EFE. 15 July 2017.
- ^ "Kurdish Authorities Preventing Assyrian Soldiers From Returning to Their Posts". AINA. December 6, 2016.
- ^ "KRG prevents NPU soldiers from returning back to the Nineveh Plains" (in Swedish). Assyria TV. 5 December 2016.
- ^ NPU [@NinevehPU] (15 July 2017). "Clarification on recent clashes in the town of Baghdeda:" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ NPU [@NinevehPU] (15 July 2017). "Iraqi Prime Minister Office & PMU High Command ordered the expulsion of Babylon Brigade from all of Hamdaniya District" (Tweet) – via Twitter.