Ning Hai-class cruiser

The Ning Hai class were a pair of light cruisers in the Chinese fleet before World War II. Ning Hai (Chinese: 甯海; lit. 'Peaceful Seas'), the lead ship of the class, was laid down in Japan while the follow-on, Ping Hai (Chinese: 平海; lit. 'Amicable Seas'), was laid down in China and completed with Japanese assistance to a slightly modified design that included the deletion of seaplane facilities (Ning Hai had a small hangar for two seaplanes). While Ning Hai was quickly commissioned, tensions between China and Japan plagued the efforts to complete Ping Hai. Both served as flagships of the Republic of China Navy (ROCN), with Ping Hai taking over the role from its older sister ship since April 1937. The ROCN had an ambitious plan to procure a larger and more-powerful command cruiser and then to reassign the two vessels as scouts/flagships of submarine flotillas, but the outbreak of war with Japan put an end to all related efforts (including the acquisition of submarines).

Ning Hai on trials
Class overview
Name	Ning Hai class
Operators	Republic of China Navy Imperial Japanese Navy
Preceded by	Zhào Hé class
Succeeded by	None
Planned	2
Completed	2
Lost	2
General characteristics
Type	Light cruiser
Displacement	2,526 t (2,486 long tons) standard
Length	360 ft (109.7 m)
Beam	39 ft (11.9 m)
Draught	13 ft (4.0 m)
Propulsion	Triple-expansion Reciprocating Steam Engines; coal/oil-fired boilers
Speed	21–23 knots (39–43 km/h; 24–26 mph)
Range	5,000 nmi (9,300 km) at 12 kn (14 mph; 22 km/h)
Complement	361
Armament	Common 6 × 140 mm (5.5 in) guns 4 × 533 mm (21 in) torpedo tubes 9 × Depth Charges Ning Hai only 6 × 8 cm/40 3rd Year Type naval gun (AA guns) some Vickers 2-pounder AA guns 10 × machine guns 9 × depth charges Ping Hai only 3 × 76 mm (3 in) AA guns 4 × 57 mm (2 in) AA guns 4 × machine guns
Armour	Belt: 25 mm (0.98 in) Deck: 19 to 25 mm (0.75 to 0.98 in) Turrets: 25 mm (0.98 in) Conning tower: 25 mm (0.98 in)
Aircraft carried	2 x floatplane (Ning Hai only)
Aviation facilities	Hangar and crane only (Ning Hai only)

Ning Hai and Ping Hai were sunk in defense of the Kiangyin Fortress, Yangtze River, near Nanking by Japanese aircraft (of which the two ships shot down four) on 23 September 1937, but then refloated by the Japanese. Originally they were to be transferred to the puppet government of Wang Jing-Wei, but the Japanese then had a change of heart and outfitted them first as barracks hulks and ultimately as escort ships Ioshima (Ning Hai) and Yasoshima (Ping Hai) in 1944.

Design

The Ning Hai class were a compact cruiser design, with the main armament of six 140 mm (5.5 in) guns in three twin turrets giving each ship the same broadside as the Japanese cruiser Yūbari at around half the cost. The lead ship of the class Ning Hai also had a small hangar for two single-seat floatplanes, a Japanese-built Aichi AB-3 and a similar aircraft of local design, the Naval Air Establishment Ning Hai.

The Ning Hai class did have a number of drawbacks. Their high centres of gravity, a common flaw to numerous Japanese-designed warships of the era, made the ships unstable in heavy seas. Their use of obsolescent triple-expansion engines, dictated by building cost considerations, kept their maximum speed at around 21–23 knots (39–43 km/h; 24–26 mph). Given the ships' primary role as coastal defence ships, these were probably acceptable trade-offs.

Ships

Name	Builder	Laid	Launched	Completed	Fate
Ning Hai	Harima Dock Co., Ltd.	20 February 1931	10 October 1931	1 September 1932	Sunk in Yangtze River on 23 September 1937 by Japanese aircraft
Ping Hai	Kiangnan Dock and Engineering Works	28 June 1931	28 September 1935	18 June 1936	Sunk in Yangtze River on 23 September 1937 by Japanese aircraft

References

• Tamura, Toshio (1984). "The Chinese Light Cruisers Ning Hai and Ping Hai (1930–1936)". Warship International. XXII (2): 118–131. ISSN 0043-0374.
• Whitley, M.J. (1995). Cruisers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-141-6.

External links

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