Niobium perchlorate is a chemical compound with the formula Nb(ClO4)5. It is a hygroscopic, white crystalline solid that readily reacts with moist air or water to produce niobium(V) oxide.[1][2]

Niobium perchlorate
Names
Other names
  • Niobium(V) perchlorate
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
  • InChI=1S/5ClHO4.Nb/c5*2-1(3,4)5;/h5*(H,2,3,4,5);/q;;;;;+5/p-5
    Key: CVPZOZZKOZLDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-I
  • O=Cl(=O)(=O)O[Nb](OCl(=O)(=O)=O)(OCl(=O)(=O)=O)(OCl(=O)(=O)=O)OCl(=O)(=O)=O
Properties
Nb(ClO4)5
Molar mass 590.16 g/mol
Appearance White crystals
Melting point 70 °C (158 °F; 343 K)[1] (decomposes)
Reacts[1]
Related compounds
Other cations
Vanadyl perchlorate
Tantalum(V) perchlorate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Synthesis and reactions

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Niobium perchlorate is produced from the reaction of niobium pentachloride and anhydrous perchloric acid:[1]

NbCl5 + 5 HClO4 → Nb(ClO4)5 + 5 HCl

It decomposes at 70 °C (343 K; 158 °F) to niobyl perchlorate, releasing dichlorine heptoxide:[1]

Nb(ClO4)5 → NbO(ClO4)3 + Cl2O7

Niobyl perchlorate further decomposes at 115 °C (388 K; 239 °F) to NbO2ClO4, which decomposes at 220 °C (493 K; 428 °F) to niobium pentoxide.[1]

Perchloratoniobates, such as Cs[Nb(ClO4)6] and Cs2[Nb(ClO4)7], are produced by the reaction of perchlorate sources, such as cesium perchlorate and niobium perchlorate, in anhydrous perchloric acid at 0 °C (273 K; 32 °F).[1]

Structure

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Although the structure of niobium perchlorate has not been elucidated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, the structure has been probed by IR spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. Niobium perchlorate has both monodentate and bidentate perchlorate ligands.[1]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Babaeva, V. P.; Rosolovskij, V. Ya. (1984). "Anhydrous niobium(V) perchlorate and perchloratoniobates". Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. 29 (11): 1566–1568. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
  2. ^ Berg, Rolf W. (1992). "Progress in Niobium and Tantalum coordination chemistry". Coordination Chemistry Reviews. 113: 1–130. doi:10.1016/0010-8545(92)80074-2.