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Daśanāmi Sampradaya

(Redirected from Niranjani Akhara)

The Daśanāmi Sampradaya (IAST: Daśanāmī Saṃpradāya "Tradition of Ten Names"), also known as the Order of Swamis,[1] is a Hindu monastic tradition of "single-staff renunciation" (ēka daṇḍi saṃnyāsī)[2][3][4] Ēkadandis were already known during what is sometimes referred to as "Golden Age of Hinduism" (ca. 320-650 CE).[5] According to hagiographies composed in the 14th-17th century, the Daśanāmi Sampradaya was established by Vedic scholar and teacher Adi Shankaracharya (9th cent. CE), organizing a section of the Ekadandi monks under an umbrella grouping of ten names and the four cardinal mathas of the Advaita Vedanta tradition.[web 1] However, the association of the Dasanāmis with the Shankara maṭhas remained nominal.[web 1]

History

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Sannyasi, a Saiva mendicant - Tashrih al-aqvam (1825)

Ēkadaṇḍis

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Dandi Sanyasi, a Hindu ascetic, in Eastern Bengal in the 1860s
See also: Gupta rule and Gupta and Pallava period

Ēkadandis were already known during what is sometimes referred to as "Golden Age of Hinduism" (ca. 320-650 CE).[5] The Ēkadaṇḍis existed in the Tamil speaking area during the southern-Indian Pandyan dynasty (3rd century BCE - 16th century CE) and the Southern-Indian Pallava dynasty (2nd - 9th centuries CE). Being wandering monastics, they were not settled in the brahmadeyas or settlement areas for Brahmins. There existed tax free bhiksha-bogams for feeding the Ēkadaṇḍi ascetics in the ancient Tamil speaking territory.[6]

Ēkadaṇḍis and Tridandis were also active in Eastern India, and appear to have existed there during the Northern-Indian Gupta Empire (320 to 550 CE ).[7]

According to R. Tirumalai, "There appears to have been no sectarian segregation of the Shaiva (Ēkadaṇḍi) and Srivaishnava (Tridandi Sannyāsins)".[8]

Professor Kiyokazu Okita and Indologist B. N. K. Sharma says, Sannyasis in the lineage of Advaita of Adi Shankara and the Sannyasis in the lineage of Dvaita of Madhvacharya are all Ēkadaṇḍis.[9]

Establishment of the Dasanami Sampradaya

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(Vidyashankara temple) at Sringeri Sharada Peetham, Shringeri, Karnataka
See also: Sampradaya and Parampara

According to tradition, Adi Shankara (9th cent. CE) established the Dasanami Sampradaya. Shankara came to be presented as an incarnation of Shiva in the 14th century,[10][web 1] to facilitate the adoption of his teachings by previously Saiva-oriented mathas in the Vijayanagara Empire. From the 14th century onwards hagiographies were composed, in which he is portrayed as establishing the Daśanāmi Sampradaya,[11] organizing a section of the Ekadandi monks under an umbrella grouping of ten names.[web 1] Several other Hindu monastic and Ekadandi traditions remained outside the organisation of the Dasanāmis.[12][13][14]

According to these hagiographies, Adi Shankara organized the Hindu monastics of these ten sects or names under four maṭhas or monasteries, with headquarters at Dvārakā in the west, Jagannathadham Puri in the east, Sringeri in the south and Badrikashrama in the north.[web 1] Each maṭha was headed by one of his four main disciples, who each continued the Vedanta Sampradaya.

Monastics of these ten orders differ in part in their beliefs and practices, and a section of them is not considered to be restricted to specific changes made by Shankara. While the Dasanāmis associated with the Shankara maṭhas follow the procedures enumerated by Adi Śankara, some of these orders remained partly or fully independent in their belief and practices; and outside the official control of the Shankara maṭhas.

The association of the Dasanāmis with the Smarta tradition or Advaita Vedānta is not all-embracing. One example is the Kriyā Yoga tradition that considers itself eclectic (see: Eclecticism), with ancient[web 2] unchangeable beliefs, and outside the ambit of differences in the understanding of Vedanta. Other examples are the Tantric Avadhūta Sampradāyas and Ekadaṇḍi sannyāsa traditions outside the control of the Shankara maṭhas.[14] The Dasanāmis or Ēkadaṇḍis also founded, and continue to found or affiliate themselves with, maṭhas, ashrams and temples outside the control of the Shankara maṭhas.[web 2][web 3]

The Advaita Sampradāya is not a Shaiva sect,[web 1][15] despite the historical links with Shaivism:

Advaitins are non-sectarian, and they advocate worship of Siva and Visnu equally with that of the other deities of Hinduism, like Sakti, Ganapati and others.[web 1]

Nevertheless, contemporary Shankaracaryas have more influence among Saiva communities than among Vaisnava communities.[web 1] The greatest influence of the gurus of the Advaita tradition has been among followers of the Smartha tradition, who integrate the domestic Vedic ritual with devotional aspects of Hinduism.[web 1]

According to Nakamura, these maṭhas contributed to the influence of Shankara, which was "due to institutional factors".[16] The maṭhas which he built exist until today, and preserve the teachings and influence of Shankara, "while the writings of other scholars before him came to be forgotten with the passage of time".[17]

The table below gives an overview of the four Amnaya maṭhas founded by Adi Shankara, and their details.[web 4]

Shishya
(lineage) 		Direction Maṭha Mahāvākya Veda Sampradaya
Padmapāda East Govardhana Pīṭhaṃ Prajñānam brahma (Consciousness is Brahman) Rig Veda Bhogavala
Sureśvara South Sringeri Śārada Pīṭhaṃ Aham brahmāsmi (I am Brahman) Yajur Veda Bhūrivala
Hastāmalakācārya West Dvāraka Pīṭhaṃ Tattvamasi (That thou art) Sama Veda Kitavala
Toṭakācārya North Jyotirmaṭha Pīṭhaṃ Ayamātmā brahma (This Atman is Brahman) Atharva Veda Nandavala

Expansion of the Dasanāmi Sampradāya

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According to the tradition in Kerala, after Shankara's samādhi at Vadakkunnathan Temple, his disciples founded four maṭhas in Thrissur, namely Naduvil Madhom, Thekke Madhom, Idayil Madhom and Vadakke Madhom.

According to Pandey, the ēkadaṇḍis or Dasanāmis had established monasteries in India and Nepal in the 13th and 14th century.[web 5]

Naga Sadhus akharas

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Naga Sadhu performing ritual bath at Sangam during Prayagraj Ardh Kumbhmela 2007

In the 16th century, Madhusudana Saraswati of Bengal organised a section of the Naga (naked) tradition of armed sannyasis in order to protect Hindus from the tyranny of the Mughal rulers.

Warrior-ascetics could be found in Hinduism from at least the 1500s and as late as the 1700s,[18] although tradition attributes their creation to Sankaracharya.[web 6]

Some examples of Akhara currently are the Juna Akhara of the Dashanami Naga, Niranjani Akhara, Anand Akhara, Atal Akhara, Awahan Akhara, Agni Akhara and Nirmal Panchayati Akhara at Prayagraj.[web 7] Each akhara is divided into sub-branches and traditions. An example is the Dattatreya Akhara (Ujjain) of the naked sadhus of Juna Naga establishment.[web 8]

The naga sadhus generally remain in the ambit of non-violence presently, though some sections are also known to practice the sport of Indian wrestling. The Dasanāmi sannyāsins practice the Vedic and yogic Yama principles of ahimsā (non-violence), satya (truth), asteya (non-stealing), aparigraha (non-covetousness) and brahmacārya (celibacy / moderation).

The naga sadhus are prominent at Kumbh mela, where the order in which they enter the water is fixed by tradition. After the Juna akhara, the Niranjani and Mahanirvani Akhara proceed to their bath. Ramakrishna Math Sevashram are almost the last in the procession.[web 9]

Characteristics

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Parampara

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In the Indian religious and philosophical traditions, all knowledge is traced back to the gods and to the Rishis who primarily heard the Vedas by meditation.

The current Acaryas, the heads of the maṭhas, trace their authority back to the four main disciples of Shankara,[web 10] and each of the heads of these four maṭhas takes the title of Shankaracharya ("the learned Shankara") after Adi Shankara.[citation needed]

The Advaita guru-paramparā (Lineage of Gurus in Non-dualism) begins with the mythological time of the Daiva-paramparā, followed by the vedic seers of the Ṛṣi-paramparā, and the Mānava-paramparā of historical times and personalities:[web 10][note 1]

Daiva-paramparā
Ṛṣi-paramparā
Mānava-paramparā

Ten Names

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Hindus who enter sannyāsa in the ēkadaṇḍi tradition take up one of the ten names associated with this Sampradaya: Giri, Puri, Bhāratī, Vana/Ban, Āraṇya, Sagara, Āśrama, Sarasvatī, Tīrtha, and Parvata.[web 12][web 1] Sanyasis of Advaita Vedanta and Dvaita Vedanta belong to ēkadaṇḍi tradition.[20]

One thing to be noted, the surname "Natha" is not given to dashnami sanyasis, this title is given to Natha Yogis who take sanyasa under the tradition of Natha Shaivism, which, is very close to the Siddhanta of Advaita Vedanta's monism.

Swami's

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A swami, as the monk is called, is a renunciate who seeks to achieve spiritual union with the swa (Self). In formally renouncing the world, he or she generally wears ochre, saffron or orange-colored robes as a symbol of non-attachment to worldly desires, and may choose to roam independently or join an ashram or other spiritual organizations, typically in an ideal of selfless service.[1] Upon initiation, which can only be done by another existing Swami, the renunciate receives a new name (usually ending in ananda, meaning 'supreme bliss') and takes a title which formalizes his connection with one of the ten subdivisions of the Swami Order. A swami's name has a dual significance, representing the attainment of supreme bliss through some divine quality or state (i.e. love, wisdom, service, yoga), and through a harmony with the infinite vastness of nature, expressed in one of the ten subdivision names: Giri (mountain), Puri (tract), Bhāratī (land), Vana (forest), Āraṇya (forest), Sagara (sea), Āśrama (spiritual exertion), Sarasvatī (wisdom of nature), Tīrtha (place of pilgrimage), and Parvata (mountain). A swami is not necessarily a yogi, although many swamis can and do practice yoga as a means of spiritual liberation; experienced swamis may also take disciples.[1]

Single-staff renunciates are distinct in their practices from Shaiva trishuladhari or "trident-wielding renunciates" and Vaishnava traditions of Tridandi sannyāsis.[21][note 3][note 4]

Standardised List of Dasanāmīs in Wikipedia

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This section enumerates, in standardised manner, members of the Dasanāmī Order with articles in Wikipedia, listing each under his formal title and name, without the use of the honorifics[note 5] used by devotees and disciples. The word "Swāmī" here is not an honorific. It is the title of an initiated member of the Dasanāmī Order. Entries are listed in standard form: TITLE (Swāmī) + PERSONAL NAME + SUB-ORDER NAME. A few entries have the additional title (not honorific) of "Jagadguru Śankarācārya" which designates either one of the four supreme leaders of the order (somewhat similar to the position of Pope in Catholic Christianity). "Mahanta" is an administrative title designating an organizational position or office assigned to certain persons.

A

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Name Notability
Swāmī Abhayānanda Puri French American initiate of Vivekānanda.
Swāmī Abhedānanda Puri Disciple of Ramakrishna.[web 13]
Swāmī Abhinavavidyā Tīrtha Jagadguru Śankarācārya of Śrngeri.
Swāmī Achalānanda Puri Disciple of Vivekānanda.
Swāmī Achyutananda Sarasvatī Gaudiya Vaisnava teacher.
Swāmī Adbhutānanda Puri Disciple of Ramakrishna.
Swāmī Adidevānanda Puri Ramakrishna monk.
Swāmī Advaitānanda Puri Disciple of Ramakrishna.
Swāmī Agehānanda Bhāratī Austrian American intellectual and expert on Indian languages and phonology.[web 14][web 15][web 16]
Swāmī Agnivesha Sarasvatī Social activist, well known for his protest against bonded labor.[web 17]
Swāmī Akhandānanda Puri Disciple of Ramakrishna.
Swāmī Akhilānanda Puri Founder of Vedanta Society of Providence and Ramakrishna Vedanta Society of Boston.
Swāmī Akshobhya Tīrtha Dvaitavādin.
Swāmī Ānanda Tīrtha Preceptor of Dvaita.
Swāmī Ānandānanda Puri Gandhian activist.
Swāmī Ashokānanda Puri Ramakrishna monk.
Swāmī Atmabodhendra Sarasvatī Pīthādhipati of Kamakoti Math, Kanchipuram.
Swāmī Ātmājñānānanda Puri American Ramakrishna monk.
Swāmī Ātmasthānanda Puri President of the Ramakrishna Mission.

B

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Name Notability
Swāmī Bhāratī Tīrtha Jagadguru Śankarācārya of Śrngeri.
Swāmī Bhāratīkrsna Tīrtha Jagadguru Śankarācārya of Puri and scholar of Indian mathematics. First Śankarācārya to visit the West. Authored Vedic Mathematics.
Swāmī Bhaskarānanda Sarasvatī Scholar and anchorite of Benāres.
Swāmī Bhūmānanda Tīrtha Social reformer. Teacher of Bhagavad Gita and Bhagavata Purana.
Swāmī Bhuteshānanda Puri President of the Ramakrishna Mission.
Swāmī Bodhendra Sarasvatī Pīthādhipati of Kamakoti Math, Kanchipuram.
Swāmī Brahmānanda Sarasvatī Highly respected Jagadguru Śankarācārya of Jyotirmāyā Pītha, Badrināth.

C

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Name Notability
Swāmī Candrasekhara Bhāratī Jagadguru Śankarācārya of Śrngeri.
Swāmī Chandrasekharendra Sarasvatī Pīthādhipati of Kanchi Kamakoti Peetham, Kanchipuram. Featured in Paul Brunton's A Search in Secret India.
Swāmī Chidānanda Sarasvatī Disciple of Swāmī Śivānanda Sarasvatī. President of Divine Life Society. Interfaith advocate and friend of Thích Nhất Hạnh.
Swāmī Chidānanda Sarasvatī Founder of temples in Australia, Canada, Europe, and the USA.
Swāmī Chidvilasānanda Sarasvatī Disciple and designated successor of Muktānanda. Sister of Nityānanda.[web 18]
Swāmī Chinmāyānanda Sarasvatī Hindu missionary. Disciple of Swāmī Śivānanda Sarasvatī and Swāmī Tapovanam Giri. Founder of Chinmaya Mission.[web 19]

D

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Name Notability
Swāmī Dayānanda Sarasvatī Socio-religious reformer. Founder of the Arya Samaj.
Swāmī Dayānanda Sarasvatī Vedānt ācārya. Founder of Arsha Vidya Gurukulam.[web 20]
Swāmī Dhanarāja Giri Advaita Vedānta ācārya. Founder of the highly-prestigious Kailash Ashram, Rishikesh.

G

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Name Notability
Swāmī Gahanānanda Puri President of the Ramakrishna Mission.
Swāmī Gambhirānanda Puri President of the Ramakrishna Mission.
Swāmī Ganapati Sarasvatī Long-lived yogī of Benāres.[web 21][web 22]
Swāmī Ganeshānanda Sarasvatī Yoga teacher. Pupil and sannyās initiate of Swāmī Śivānanda Sarasvatī. Pupil of Swāmī Suraj Giri.
Swāmī Gangadharendra Sarasvatī Teacher of Advaita Vedānta.
Swāmī Ghanānanda Puri Ramakrishna monk who was active in Europe.
Swāmī Ghanānanda Sarasvatī Ghanaian disciple of Swāmī Krishnānanda Sarasvatī. Possibly the first Black African convert to Hinduism.
Swāmī Gītānanda Giri Indian Canadian physician. Yoga teacher; Mahanta of the Brighu Order; "Lion of Pondicherry".
Swāmī Gñānānanda Giri Long-lived yogī. Guru of French Catholic monastic Abhishiktānanda.

H

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Name Notability
Swāmī Haridāsa Giri Disciple of Swāmī Gñānānanda Giri.
Swāmī Hariharānanda Āranya Noted Samkhya Yogī
Swāmī Hariharānanda Giri Kriyā Yoga teacher. Pupil of Śrījukteśvara, Bhupendranāth Sanyal, Yogānanda, Satyānanda, and Bijoy Krishna.[web 23]
Swāmī Hariharānanda Sarasvatī Respected Vedānt ācārya. Disciple of Swāmī Brahmānanda Sarasvatī. Met Yogānanda at the Kumbh Mela.

I

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Name Notability
Swāmī Isvara Puri Dvaitavādin.

J

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Name Notability
Swāmī Janakānanda Sarasvatī Danish disciple of Swāmī Satyānanda Sarasvatī; founder of Skandinavisk Yoga och Meditationsskola.
Swāmī Jaya Tīrtha Dvaitavādin.
Swāmī Jaya Tīrtha Dvaitavādin.
Swāmī Jayendra Sarasvatī Disciple of Swāmī Chandrasekharendra Sarasvatī. Pīthādhipati of Kamakoti Math, Kanchipuram.
Swāmī Jītātmānanda Puri Ramakrishna monk.

K

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Name Notability
Swāmī Kalyanānanda Puri Disciple of Vivekānanda.
Swāmī Kesavānanda Bhāratī Mahānta/Pīthādhipati of Edneer Math, Kasaragod district, Kerala.
Swāmī Kesavānanda Tīrtha Yogī of Vrindāban.
Swāmī Kirtidānanda Puri Ramakrishna monk.
Swāmī Krishnānanda Sarasvatī Disciple of Śivānanda; General Secretary of Divine Life Society, 1963–2001.[web 24][web 25]
Swāmī Kriyānanda Giri American disciple of Yogānanda. Founder of Ananda World Brotherhood Colonies.
Swāmī Kṛṣṇacaitanya Bhāratī Vaisnava scholar and teacher. Foremost historical figure of Bangla Vaisnavism. Regarded as an avatār and called "Caitanya Mahaprabhu" by devotees.[web 26]

L

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Name Notability
Swāmī Laksmanānanda Sarasvatī Humanitarian social relief worker of Orissa. Assassinated by suspected Christian Maoists.
Swāmī Laksmīnārāyana Tīrtha Dvaitavādin.

M

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Name Notability
Swāmī Madhavānanda Puri President of the Ramakrishna Mission.
Swāmī Madhavendra Puri Dvaitavādin. Disciple of Lakshmipati Tirtha.
Swāmī Madhusūdana Sarasvatī Teacher of Advaita Vedānta.
Swāmī Mahādevendra Sarasvatī Pīthādhipati of Kamakoti Math, Kanchipuram.
Swāminī Māyātitānanda Sarasvatī Ayurveda teacher.
Swāmī Muktānanda Sarasvatī Meditation teacher. Founded the SYDA (Siddha Yoga Dham) organization, with several ashrams and centers. Author.

N

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Name Notability
Swāmī Narahari Tīrtha Dvaitavādin. Disciple of Swāmī Ānanda Tīrtha.
Swāmī Nārāyanānanda Puri Ramakrishna monk. Rāja yoga teacher in Denmark.
Swāmī Nigamānanda Sarasvatī Bhakta, gyānī, yogī, tantrika of Eastern India.
Swāmī Nikhilānanda Puri Ramakrishna monastic; Vedānta teacher in the USA.
Swāmī Nirañjanānanda Puri One of the six disciples of Ramakrishna who were regarded as iśvarakoti.[web 27]
Swāmī Nirañjanānanda Sarasvatī Disciple of Satyānanda; head of Bihar School of Yoga.[web 28]
Swāmī Nirmalānanda Puri Disciple of Ramakrishna.
Swāmī Nischayānanda Puri Disciple of Vivekānanda.
Swāmī Nrsimha Sarasvatī Sage of Mahārāshtra. Regarded as an incarnation of the legendary sage Dattātreya.

O

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Name Notability
Swāmī Omānanda Puri Irish violinist, singer, Theosophist, writer, poet, esoteric teacher and authority on Indian music.
Swāmī Omānanda Sarasvatī Educator.

P

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Name Notability
Swāmī Padmanabha Tīrtha Dvaitavādin. Disciple of Swāmī Ānanda Tīrtha.
Swāmī Paramānanda Puri Ramakrishna monk. Vedānta teacher in the USA.
Swāmī Prabhavānanda Puri Ramakrishna monk. Vedānta teacher in the USA.
Swāmī Prakāshānanda Puri Ramakrishna monk; Vedānta teacher in the USA.
Swāmī Prakāshānanda Sarasvatī Rādhā-Krsna devotee, convict and fugitive in the USA. Disciple of Rādhā-Krsna bhakta Kripālu "Mahārāj."
Swāmī Prakāshānanda Sarasvatī Hindu teacher in Trinidad.
Swāmī Prameyānanda Puri Ramakrishna monk.
Swami Pranavānanda Giri Founder of Bharat Sevashram Sangha.
Swāmī Pranavānanda Sarasvatī Disciple of Śivānanda; Yoga-Vedānta teacher, Divine Life Society, Malaysia.
Swāmī Premānanda Puri One of the six disciples of Ramakrishna who were regarded as iśvarakoti.
Swāmī Purana Puri An 18th century Indian ascetic monk and traveller who visited many places including Sri Lanka, Moscow, Yemen & Tibet.
Swāmī Purnaprajñā Tīrtha Founder and Preceptor of Dvaitavāda.
Swāmī Purushottamānanda Puri Ramakrishna monk.

R

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Name Notability
Swāmī Raghavendra Tīrtha Dvaitavādin and Pīthādhipati.
Swāmī Raghaveshwara Bhāratī Advaita Vedāntin. 36th Jagadguru of Sri Ramachandrapura Math, Hosanagara, Shimoga, Karnātaka.
Swāmī Raghuttama Tīrtha Dvaitavādin. 14th Pīthādhipati of Uttaradi Math.
Swāmī Rāma Bhāratī Yogī; founder of Himalayan International Institute of Yoga Science and Philosophy, Honesdale, Pennsylvania.
Swāmī Rāma Tīrtha Teacher of "Practical Vedanta".
Swāmī Rāmakrishnānanda Puri Disciple of Ramakrishna.
Swāmī Ramakrishna Puri Temple priest, ascetic, mystic of Bengal. Regarded as an avatār (a "descent" or physical incarnation of God) by devotees.
Swāmī Rāmānanda Tīrtha Activist in Hyderābād.
Swāmī Ranganāthānanda Puri President of the Ramakrishna Mission and a great Vedantin.
Swāmī Rudrānanda Puri Ramakrishna monk in Fiji.
Swāmī Rudrānanda Sarasvatī American spiritual teacher.

S

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Name Notability
Swāmī Saccidānanda Bhāratī Jagadguru Śankarācārya of Śrngeri.
Swāmī Saccidānandaśivābhinavanrsiṃha Bhāratī Jagadguru Śankarācārya of Śrngeri.
Swāmī Sadānanda Puri Disciple of Vivekānanda.
Swāmī Sadaśivendra Sarasvatī Scholar, yogī-siddha, poet, avadhūta; mentioned in Yogānanda's Autobiography of a Yogi.
Swāmī Sahajānanda Sarasvatī Indian nationalist.
Swāmī Sahajānanda Sarasvatī South African spiritual teacher. Disciple of Śivānanda.
Swāmī Samarpanānanda Puri Ramakrishna monk.
Swāmī Samyamindra Tīrtha Dvaitavādin. 21st Mathadhipati of Kashi Math.
Swāmī Śaradānanda Puri Disciple of Ramakrishna. Author of the Śrī Śrī Ramakrishna Līlaprasanga, the lead biography of Ramakrishna.
Swāmī Sarvapriyānanda Puri Ramakrishna monk. Resident of Vedanta Society of New York.
Swāmī Satchidānanda Sarasvatī Yoga teacher. Disciple of Śivānanda. Founder of Sivananda Ashram (Sri Lanka) and Satchidananda Ashrams (USA).
Swāmī Satcidānandendra Sarasvatī Vedānt ācārya.
Swāmī Satyābhinava Tīrtha Dvaitavādin. 21st Pīthādhipati of Uttaradi Math.
Swāmī Satyabodha Tīrtha Dvaitavādin. 25th Pīthādhipati of Uttaradi Math.
Swāmī Satyadharma Tīrtha Dvaitavādin. 28th Pīthādhipati of Uttaradi Math.
Swāmī Satyadhyāna Tīrtha Dvaitavādin. 38th Pīthādhipati of Uttaradi Math.
Swāmī Satyajñāna Tīrtha Dvaitavādin. 37th Pīthādhipati of Uttaradi Math.
Swāmī Satyamitrānanda Giri Founder of Bharat Mata Mandir, a temple in Haridwar.
Swāmī Satyānanda Giri Kriyā Yoga teacher. Disciple of Śrījukteśvara.
Swāmī Satyānanda Sarasvatī Disciple of Śivānanda; founder of Bihar School of Yoga.
Swāmī Satyanātha Tīrtha Dvaitavādin. 20th Pīthādhipati of Uttaradi Math.
Swāmī Satyanidhi Tīrtha Dvaitavādin. 19th Pīthādhipati of Uttaradi Math.
Swāmī Satyapramoda Tīrtha Dvaitavādin. 41st Pīthādhipati of Uttaradi Math.
Swāmī Satyapriya Tīrtha Dvaitavādin. 24th Pīthādhipati of Uttaradi Math.
Swāmī Satyātmā Tīrtha Dvaitavādin. 42nd Pīthādhipati of Uttaradi Math.
Swāmī Satyavara Tīrtha Dvaitavādin. 27th Pīthādhipati of Uttaradi Math.
Swāmī Satyavijaya Tīrtha Dvaitavādin. 23rd Pīthādhipati of Uttaradi Math.
Swāmī Shambhavānanda Puri Ramakrishna monk.
Swāmī Shankarānanda Puri President of the Ramakrishna Mission.
Swāmī Shankarānanda Sarasvatī American disciple of Muktānanda.
Swāmī Shantānanda Sarasvatī Disciple of Śivānanda. Spiritual guide in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Swāmī Shivānanda Puri Disciple of Ramakrishna and 2nd President of the Ramakrishna Order.[web 29]
Swāmī Shivom Tīrtha Siddhayoga teacher.
Swāmī Shraddhānanda Sarasvatī Hindu social activist. Assassinated by a Muslim.
Swāmī Shuddhānanda Puri President of the Ramakrishna Mission.
Swāmī Śivānanda Sarasvatī Founded Divine Life Society and Yoga-Vedanta Forest Academy, Rishikesh; authored 200 books.
Swāmī Śivānanda Rādhā Sarasvatī Canadian yoga teacher. Disciple of Śivānanda.
Swāmī Smaranānanda Puri Ramakrishna monk. President of the Ramakrishna Order.[web 30]
Swāmī Śrījukteśvara Giri Kriyā Yoga adept. Astrologer. Disciple of Shyāmacharan Lahirī. Guru of Yogānanda.
Swāmī Subodhānanda Puri Disciple of Ramakrishna.
Swāmī Sudhindra Tīrtha Dvaitavādin. 20th Mathadhipati of Kashi Math.
Swāmī Sukhabodhānanda Sarasvatī Teacher of scripture.
Swāmī Sukrathindra Tīrtha Dvaitavādin. 19th Mathadhipati of Kashi Math.
Swāmī Swahānanda Puri Ramakrishna monk.
Swāmī Swarūpānanda Puri Disciple of Vivekānanda.
Swāmī Swarūpānanda Sarasvatī Jagadguru Śankarācārya of Jyotirmāyā and Dwarka Pītha.
Swāmī Swarūpānandendra Sarasvatī Founder of Visakha Sri Sarada Pitha.

T

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Name Notability
Swāmī Tapasyānanda Puri Ramakrishna monk.
Swāmī Tapovanam Giri Reclusive yogī of Uttar Kashi.[web 31]
Swāmī Tathāgatānanda Puri Ramakrishna monk.
Swami Tejomayananda Saraswati Current Head of Chinmaya Mission Worldwide.
Swāmī Trigunatitānanda Puri Disciple of Ramakrishna.
Swāmī Turiyānanda Puri Disciple of Ramakrishna.
Swāmī Tyagānanda Puri Ramakrishna monk. Hindu chaplain of Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

V

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Name Notability
Swāmī Vadirāja Tīrtha Dvaitavādin. 20th Pīthādhipati of Sodhe Math.
Swāmī Vasudevānanda Sarasvatī Wandering monk, spiritual teacher, author.
Swāmī Vedanidhi Tīrtha Dvaitavādin. 17th Pīthādhipati of Uttaradi Math.
Swāmī Venkateśānanda Sarasvatī Disciple of Śivānanda; founder of Sivananda Ashrams in South Africa and Mauritius.
Swāmī Vidyānāthānanda Puri Ramakrishna monk and mathematician.
Swāmī Vidyāranya Tīrtha Jagadguru Śankarācārya of Śrngeri.
Swāmī Vidyātmānanda Puri Ramakrishna monk.
Swāmī Vidyādhīśa Tīrtha Dvaitavādin. 16th Pīthādhipati of Uttaradi Math.
Swāmī Vijayendra Sarasvatī Disciple and designated successor of Jayendra Sarasvatī.
Swāmī Vijayendra Tīrtha Dvaitavādin.
Swāmī Vijñānānanda Puri Disciple of Ramakrishna.
Swāmī Vimalānanda Puri Disciple of Vivekānanda.
Swāmī Vipulānanda Puri Srī Lankān Ramakrishna monastic and Hindu revivalist.
Swāmī Virajānanda Puri President of the Ramakrishna Mission.
Swāmī Vireshwarānanda Puri President of the Ramakrishna Mission.
Swāmī Vishnu Tīrtha Siddhayoga teacher.
Swāmī Vishnudevānanda Sarasvatī Yogī. Peace activist. Most famous disciple of Swāmī Śivānanda Sarasvatī (the two of them are the most well-known members of the Sarasvati sub-order). Founder of the worldwide Sivananda Yoga Vedanta Centres. Authored The Complete Illustrated Book of Yoga. Airplane pilot.
Swāmī Vishuddhānanda Puri President of the Ramakrishna Mission.
Swāmī Vishwadevānanda Puri Teacher of Advaita Vedānta.
Swāmī Vivekānanda Puri Most famous of disciples of Ramakrishna (the two of them are the most well-known members of the Puri sub-order). Most famous figure at first Parliament of the World's Religions (Chicago, 1893). Organizer of the Ramakrishna Mission. One of the six disciples of Ramakrishna who were regarded as iśvarakoti.
Swāmī Vyāsa Tīrtha Dvaitavādin.
Swāmī Vyāsachalamahādevendra Sarasvatī Pīthādhipati of Kamakoti Math, Kanchipuram.

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Name Notability
Swāmī Yatīśwarānanda Puri Ramakrishna monk. Spiritual teacher and meditation instructor.
Swāmī Yogānanda Giri Disciple of Svāmī Śrīyukteśwara Giri. Founder of Self-Realization Fellowship. Author of Autobiography of a Yogi. Known by honorific "Paramahansa."
Swāmī Yogānanda Giri Leading Hindu of Italy. Disciple of Gītānanda.
Swāmī Yogānanda Puri One of the six disciples of Ramakrishna who were regarded as iśvarakoti.
Swāmī Yogeśwarānanda Sarasvatī Himalayan Yogi and founder of Yoga Niketan Ashram in Rishikesh. Author of The Science of the Soul. Known by honorific "Paramahamsa."

Notes

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  1. ^ The following Sanskrit Verse among Smarthas provides the list of the early teachers of the Vedanta in their order:[web 11][19] "नारायणं पद्मभुवं वशिष्ठं शक्तिं च तत्पुत्रं पराशरं च व्यासं शुकं गौडपादं महान्तं गोविन्दयोगीन्द्रं अथास्य शिष्यम्
    श्री शंकराचार्यं अथास्य पद्मपादं च हस्तामलकं च शिष्यम् तं तोटकं वार्त्तिककारमन्यान् अस्मद् गुरून् सन्ततमानतोऽस्मि
    अद्वैत गुरु परंपरा स्तोत्रम्"
    "nārāyanam padmabhuvam vasishtam saktim ca tat-putram parāśaram ca
    vyāsam śukam gauḍapāda mahāntam govinda yogīndram athāsya śiṣyam
    śri śankarācāryam athāsya padmapādam ca hastāmalakam ca śiṣyam
    tam trotakam vārtikakāram-anyān asmad gurūn santatamānato’smi
    Advaita-Guru-Paramparā-Stotram",
    The above advaita guru paramparā verse salute the prominent gurus of advaita, starting from Nārāyaṇa through Adi Sankara and his disciples, up to the Acharyas of today.
  2. ^ the famous redactor of the vedas, he is also traditionally identified with Bādarāyaṇa, the composer of the Brahmasūtras
  3. ^ The Tridandi sannyāsins wear the sacred thread after renunciation, while Ekadandi sannyāsins do not.
  4. ^ Ek means "one", ekadandi means "of single staff", tridandi means "of three staffs".
  5. ^ e.g.: śrī and variations thereof, jī and variations thereof, swāmījī, mahātma, mahārsi, mahāyogī, mahāsaya, mahārāj, mahārājjī, paramahamsa, prabhu, prabhujī, mahāprabhu, gurudev, gurujī, guru mahārāj jī, sāheb, sāhebjī, bābā, bābājī, mā, māta, mātajī, bhagvan, prabhupāda, bhaktipāda.

References

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  1. ^ a b c Yogananda 1946, p. 218.
  2. ^ Journal of the Oriental Institute (pp 301), by Oriental Institute (Vadodara, India).[full citation needed]
  3. ^ Govind Sadashiv Ghurye, Indian Sadhus.[full citation needed]
  4. ^ Lalit Kishore Lal Srivastava, Advaitic Concept of Jīvanmukti.[full citation needed]
  5. ^ a b Michaels 2004, pp. 40–41.
  6. ^ Shanmuga Velayutham Subramanian, Heritage of the Tamils: temple arts, p. 154.[full citation needed]
  7. ^ Bhagwati Charan Verma, Socio-religious, Economic, Literary Condition of Bihar.[full citation needed]
  8. ^ R. Tirumalai, The Pandyan Townships: The Pandyan townships, their organisation and functioning.[full citation needed]
  9. ^ Okita 2014, p. 48.
  10. ^ Clark 2006, pp. 218, 220, 224.
  11. ^ Clark 2006, pp. 224–225.
  12. ^ Karigoudar Ishwaran, Ascetic Culture.[full citation needed]
  13. ^ Wendy Sinclair-Brull, Female Ascetics.[full citation needed]
  14. ^ a b Rose, H.A.; Ibbetson, Denzil; Maclagan, Edward. Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North West Frontier Province. p. 857.[full citation needed]
  15. ^ Nakamura 2004, pp. 782–783.
  16. ^ Nakamura 2004, p. 680.
  17. ^ Nakamura 2004, pp. 680–681.
  18. ^ Dasnami Sannyasis: History of Hindu monachism (PDF), Sir Jadunath Sarkar, Sri Panchayati Akhara Mahanirvani, Allahabad, archived from the original (PDF) on 2 December 2013{{citation}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  19. ^ Shri Gowdapadacharya & Shri Kavale Math (A Commemoration volume). p. 38.[full citation needed]
  20. ^ Sharma 2000, p. 525.
  21. ^ A. C. Bhaktivedānta Swāmi, Śrīmad Bhāgavatam.[full citation needed]

Sources

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Printed sources
  • Clark, Matthew (2006), The Daśanāmī-saṃnyāsīs. The Integration Of Ascetic Lineages Into An Order, BRILL
  • Sharma, B. N. Krishnamurti (2000). A History of the Dvaita School of Vedānta and Its Literature, 3rd Edition. Motilal Banarsidass (2008 Reprint). ISBN 978-8120815759.
  • McRae, John (2003), Seeing Through Zen. Encounter, Transformation, and Genealogy in Chinese Chan Buddhism, The University Press Group Ltd, ISBN 9780520237988
  • Michaels, Axel (2004), Hinduism. Past and present, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press
  • Nakamura, Hajime (2004), A History of Early Vedanta Philosophy. Part Two, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited
  • Okita, Kiyokazu (2014). Hindu Theology in Early Modern South Asia: The Rise of Devotionalism and the Politics of Genealogy. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0198709268.
  • White, David Gordon, ed. (2000). Tantra in Practice. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-05779-8.
  • Yogananda, Paramhansa (1946). "Chapter 24: I Become a Monk of the Swami Order". Autobiography of a Yogi. Archived from the original on 6 April 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2019 – via www.CrystalClarity.com.
Web-sources
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Sankara Acarya Biography: Monastic Tradition". Devasthananam. 25 December 2011. Archived from the original on 28 August 2016. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
  2. ^ a b "Kalyanagiri". Archived from the original on 8 June 2009. Retrieved 4 May 2009.
  3. ^ "Prajnana Mission". Archived from the original on 9 July 2009. Retrieved 3 May 2009.
  4. ^ "Adi Shankara's four Amnaya Peethams". Archived from the original on 26 June 2006. Retrieved 20 August 2006.
  5. ^ "The maṭhas of Dasanami Sanyasis of Lalitpur, Kathmandu Valley". Archived from the original on 14 May 2013. Retrieved 29 January 2013.
  6. ^ Gautam Siddharth (15 January 2013). "Nagas: Once were warriors". Times of India. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013.
  7. ^ "Prem Panicker, Where did the Akharas come from?". Archived from the original on 21 October 2012. Retrieved 4 May 2009.
  8. ^ "Kumbh Melas in Haridwar and Ujjain". divinerevelation.org. Archived from the original on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 4 May 2009.
  9. ^ Nandita Sengupta (13 February 2010). "Naga sadhus steal the show at Kumbh". Times of India.
  10. ^ a b "The Advaita Parampara". Advaita-vedanta.org. 5 May 1999. Archived from the original on 29 July 2012. Retrieved 10 September 2012.
  11. ^ "BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES ABOUT SANKARA AND GAUDAPAD". AshramVidyaOrder. Archived from the original on 9 August 2020. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
  12. ^ "The Dashanami Sampradaya – the Monastic Tradition". Advaita-vedanta.org. Archived from the original on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 18 June 2006.
  13. ^ "Abhedananda".
  14. ^ "BHARATI, Agehananda (Leopold Fischer) – Persons of Indian Studies by Prof. Dr. Klaus Karttunen". 6 February 2017.
  15. ^ "Agehananda Bharati Papers an inventory of his papers at the Syracuse University Archives".
  16. ^ "Ralph Dumain: "The Autodidact Project": Quotes: Swami Agehananda Bharati on Hindu Fascism & Western Infatuation".
  17. ^ "Swami Agnivesh". swamiagnivesh.com.
  18. ^ "The Guru - Gurumayi Chidvilasananda".
  19. ^ "Swami Chinmayananda |".
  20. ^ [1]
  21. ^ [2]
  22. ^ Saraswati, Paramanand (3 June 2014). Trailanga Swami and Shankari Mataji. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. ISBN 978-1499166583.
  23. ^ "Our Lineage - Paramahamsa Hariharananda - Kriya Yoga International".
  24. ^ "About Swami Krishnananda".
  25. ^ "EBooks on Yoga, Meditation and Spiritual Practice by Swami Krishnananda".
  26. ^ "Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (1486–1534)".
  27. ^ [3]
  28. ^ [4]
  29. ^ "Mahapurush Maharaj: Swami Shivananda | Vedanta Society of Southern California". May 2009.
  30. ^ "The President of Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission".
  31. ^ "Swami Tapovan Maharaj". Archived from the original on 19 March 2011.
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