Nissen is a surname. As a Danish surname it is a patronymic meaning "son of Nis" (Danish short form of Nicholas). Notable people with the surname include:
- Georg Nikolaus von Nissen (1761–1826), Danish diplomat and writer, and author of one of the first biographies of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
- Inge Nissen Danish former basketball player and coach
- Johanna Nissen (1789–1865), mother of Johannes Brahms
- Erika Nissen (1845–1903), Norwegian pianist
- Peter Norman Nissen (1871–1930), Canadian mining engineer
- Hans-Hermann Nissen (1893–1980), German bass-baritone
- Rudolph Nissen (1896–1981), German surgeon and inventor of the Nissen fundoplication
- Greta Nissen (1906-1988), Norwegian-American ballerina and actress
- George Nissen (1914–2010) inventor of the modern trampoline
- Henry Nissen (born 1948 as Henry Nissenbaum), German/Australian boxer of the 1970s
- Steven Nissen (born 1949), heart specialist and chairman of cardiovascular medicine at the Cleveland Clinic
- Ulli Nissen (born 1959), German politician
- Dian Nissen (born 1961), American trampoline champion
- Tom Nissen (born 1971), American convicted murderer and character in the 1999 film Boys Don't Cry
- Carolina Nissen (born 1976), Chilean singer
- Rebecca Adler-Nissen, Danish political scientist
- Christopher Nissen (born 1992), Danish singer
- Amalie Leth-Nissen (born 1994), Danish golfer
- Anja Nissen (born 1995), Danish-Australian singer
- Fernanda Nissen (born 1995), Norwegian literary critic and politician