Northern Karelian (also called: White Sea Karelian, Viena Karelian and North Karelian) (North Karelian: Vienankarjala) is one of the two dialects of Karelian Proper. Northern Karelian is spoken in White Karelia, and is spoken by some in Hietajärvi, Kuivajärvi and Kuhmo in Finland.[3] Northern Karelian is the most mutually intelligible Karelian dialect to Finnish Language speakers.[4]
| Northern Karelian | |
|---|---|
| North Karelian White Sea Karelian Viena Karelian | |
| Vienankarjala | |
| Native to | Russia and Finland |
| Region | White Sea Karelia |
Uralic
| |
| Official status | |
Recognised minority language in | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | krl |
| Glottolog | nort2673 |
 Karelian Proper consists of 1a | |
Northern Karelian differs from South Karelian due to its inclusion of the voiceless consonants p, t, k, s and š.[5] It also differs due to its more common usage of the š [sh/see] letter more than in Karelian dialects.
Location
edit
Northern Karelian is spoken in the northernmost parts of the Republic of Karelia, which is called White Karelia and in Hietajärvi, Kuivajärvi and Kuhmo, Finland. Specifically it is spoken in the parishes of Jyskyjärvi, Kieretti, Kiestinki, Kontokki, Oulanka, Paanajärvi, Pistojärvi, Suomussalmi, Uhtua, Usmana, Vitsataipale and Vuokkiniemi.[5]
Examples
editThe following example is from Petroskoi in 1995:[6]
| North Karelian | Finnish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Ennein vanhah karjalaiset varattih riähkyä. | Ennen vanhaan karjalaiset varoivat tekemästä syntiä. | In the old days, Karelians were careful not to sin. |
Southern, Northern and Livvi dialects compared:[7]
| Livvi | Southern | Northern | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| pakkaskuu | pakkaiskuu | pakkaiskuu | January |
| tuhukuu | tuuččakuu | tuiskukuu | February |
| kevätkuu | kevätkuu | kevätkuu | March |
| sulakuu | sulakuu | šulakuu | April |
References
edit- ^ Change in the regulation by the president of Finland about European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, 27.11.2009 (in Finnish)
- ^ "Законодательные акты: О государственной поддержке карельского, вепсского и финского языков в Республике Карелия". Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2011.
- ^ "Karjala – kieli, murre ja paikka". Kotimaisten kielten keskus (in Finnish). Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ "Vienankarjala | Karjalan Sivistysseura" (in Finnish). Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ a b "Murteet | Karjalan Sivistysseura" (in Finnish). Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ "Näyte vienankarjalasta | Karjalan Sivistysseura" (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 2023-03-27. Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ "Kuut karjalaksi". Karjalan kielen elvyttäminen (in Finnish). Retrieved 2024-08-14.