Notothenia angustata, the Maori chief or black cod, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, belonging to the family Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod icefishes. It is native to the Southern Ocean
| Maori chief | |
|---|---|
.gif)
| |
| Drawing by Dr Tony Ayling | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Perciformes |
| Family: | Nototheniidae |
| Genus: | Notothenia |
| Species: | N. angustata
|
| Binomial name | |
| Notothenia angustata F. W. Hutton, 1875
| |
| Synonyms[1] | |
| |
Taxonomy
editNotothenia angustata was first formally described in 1875 by the English-born New Zealand scientist Frederick Wollaston Hutton with the type locality given as Dunedin in New Zealand.[2] The specific name angustata means "narrowed" a reference to the relatively narrow head of this species.[3]
Description
editNotothenia angustata is a large demersal fish which is quite similar in shape and colour to the Maori cod (Paranotothen magellanica). The mouth is large and there are obvious bony ridge over each eye. They have a rounded caudal fin and slightly overlapping lateral lines. The small first dorsal fin has six spines. The colour is dark grey or green on the upper body with blue-black mottling and it has a yellow abdomen. There are many small grey spots and streaks on the head and the grey fins have dark mottling.[4] This species attains a maximum total length of 41 cm (16 in).[1]
Distribution and habitat
editNotothenia angustata is found in the Southern Ocean and the Southern Pacific Ocean. It is found from New Zealand and Chile south and throughout the Subantarctic, at depths to 100 m (330 ft). The juveniles are often found in tide pools,[1] with the adults on rocky reefs.[4]
Biology
editNotothenia angustata feeds on cephalopods, benthic invertrebrates and small fishes.[4] However, in Chile, a study found that the main component of their diet was algae.[5] This species has some of the same genes as its more southerly relatives for the production of antifreeze proteins in its blood.[6] The Chilean study referenced above found 11 taxa of parasites living in specimens of this species including digeneans, cestodes and nematodes.[5]
Utilisation
editNothotenia angustata is caught using hook and lines and the flesh is edible but not highly regarded and any caught tend to be used as bait in lobster fisheries.[7]
References
edit- ^ a b c Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Notothenia angustata". FishBase. June 2021 version.
- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Notothenia". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 24 September 2021.
- ^ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (12 April 2021). "Order Perciformes: Suborder Notothenoididei: Families Bovichtidae, Pseaudaphritidae, Elegopinidae, Nototheniidae, Harpagiferidae, Artedidraconidae, Bathydraconidae, Channichthyidae and Percophidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 23 September 2021.
- ^ a b c "Fish, Black Cod". Marine Life Database. Retrieved 24 September 2021.
- ^ a b Gabriela Muñoz; Félix Garcías; Verónica Valdebenito & Mario George-Nascimento (2001). "Parasitofauna y alimentación de Notothenia c.f. angustata Hutton, 1875 (Pisces: Nototheniidae) en el intermareal de dos localidades del Golfo de Arauco, Chile". Boletín chileno de parasitología (in Spanish). 56 (1–2). doi:10.4067/S0365-94022001000100008. Abstract in English
- ^ Zulema L. Coppes Petricorena; George N. Somero (2006). "Biochemical adaptations of notothenioid fishes: Comparisons between cold temperate South American and New Zealand species and Antarctic species". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A. 147 (3): 799–807. doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.09.028. PMID 17293146.
- ^ "Page 7. Fish of the northern and southern rocky sea floor". Te Ara – The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 24 September 2021.