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Nové Zámky (; Hungarian: Érsekújvár, German: Neuhäusel, Turkish: Uyvar, Latin: Novum Castrum) is a town in Nové Zámky District in the Nitra Region of southwestern Slovakia.
Nové Zámky | |
|---|---|
Town | |
From the top, Hlavné Námestie, Nové Zámky Synagogue, Czuczor Gergely's school Main square of Nové Zámky | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Nové Zámky Location in Slovakia  Nové Zámky Nové Zámky (Slovakia) | |
| Coordinates: 47°59′08″N 18°09′28″E / 47.98556°N 18.15778°E | |
| Country |  Slovakia |
| Region |  Nitra Region |
| District | Nové Zámky |
| Founded | 1573 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Otokar Klein |
| Area | |
• Total | 72.57 km2 (28.02 sq mi) |
| (2022) | |
| Elevation | 114 m (374 ft) |
| Population | |
• Total | 36,781 |
| • Density | 510/km2 (1,300/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 940 01[2] |
| Area code | +421 35[2] |
| Car plate | NZ |
| Website | www.novezamky.sk |
Geography
editThe town is located on the Danubian Lowland, on the Nitra River, at an altitude of 119 metres. It is located around 100 km from Bratislava and around 25 km from the Hungarian border. It is a road and railway hub of southern Slovakia.
The town lies in the temperate zone and has a continental climate. Annual average temperature reaches around 10 °C (50.0 °F), with the warmest month being July with an average of 20 °C (68 °F) and the coldest January with −2 °C (28 °F). Average annual precipitation is 556 mm.[4]
History
edit
The town has a distinguished history. From the second half of the 10th century until 1918, it was part of the Kingdom of Hungary. A fortress was built as a defence against the Ottoman Empire, on the site of an older settlement in the years 1573–81. Between 1589 and 1663, the settlement was the seat of the Captaincy of Lower Hungary. The town developed around the fortress. The huge new fortress was one of the most modern in Europe when it was built, a prime example of the star fortress which was considered to be adapted to the advance in artillery in the preceding centuries. (In fact, the Hungarian name means "the archbishop's new castle".)
The Ottomans failed to conquer it six times (except Ottoman rule between 1566–1595[5] and 1605–1606),[6] but in 1663 they managed to do so.[7] It was made the center of an Ottoman eyalet in present-day southern Slovakia – with the subordinate sanjaks of Litra, Leve, Novigrad, Holok, Bukabak and Şefradi (probably Šahy).
The saying "Strong as an Ottoman in front of Nové Zámky", which means working with determination and stability, reflects the memory of conquest determination of the Ottomans.
In 1685 it was conquered by the imperial troops of Charles V, Duke of Lorraine. Six years later, it received town privileges from the Esztergom archbishop.
The town also played an important role in many anti-Habsburg uprisings in the northern parts of Royal Hungary in the 17th century. Emperor Charles VI had it razed in 1724–1725, to prevent potential further insurrections which would use the fortress as their base.
After the break-up of Austria-Hungary in 1918/1920, the town became part of the newly created Czechoslovakia. As a result of the First Vienna Award, it was occupied by Hungary between 1938 and 1945.
After the Germans occupied Hungary in March 1944, the deportation of Hungarian Jewry to Auschwitz began.[8] The town’s Jews were concentrated in a temporary ghetto.[8] On June 12 and 15, 1944, two transports of Jews were sent to the Auschwitz concentration camp.[8] The entire local Jewry was deported; few survived.[8]
During World War II (1944), the town was heavily damaged by bombings of the Allies.[9] Only small parts of the fortress are still standing today. It is, however, still depicted on the city's coat of arms.
Culture
editMuseums
editThe Ernest Zmeták Art Gallery on Björnsonova Street has two permanent exhibitions. The first one, called "European Art of the 16th to 20th Century″, is based on the donation of a local painter and collector, Ernest Zmeták. The second one presents the works of art of a local Hungarian avant-garde artist and writer, Lajos Kassák.[10]
Synagogue
editThe orthodox synagogue is located at Česká bašta and dates from 1880.[11] After reconstruction in 1992 it was registered as a historic landmark of Slovakia. It is one of only four synagogues in Slovakia (in Bratislava, Košice, Bardejov and Nové Zámky) that are used for religious purposes by the local Jewish community.
Franciscan church and monastery
editThe Franciscan church and monastery was built in the early baroque style in the middle of the 17th century. The complex was renovated in the 18th and at the end of the 19th century.
Demographics
edit| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 24,962 | — |
| 1980 | 34,147 | +36.8% |
| 1991 | 42,923 | +25.7% |
| 2001 | 42,262 | −1.5% |
| 2011 | 39,646 | −6.2% |
| 2021 | 37,791 | −4.7% |
| Source: Censuses[12][13] | ||
The 2001 census recorded a population of 42,262 people, with 69.67% of them being Slovaks, 27.52% Hungarians and others. The most widespread religion was Roman Catholicism (71.72%), followed by a group without denomination (17.75%) and Evangelics (Lutherans) (3.36%).
| Year | Population | Year | Population |
|---|---|---|---|
1694
|
1,200
|
1880
|
10,584
|
1713
|
1,525
|
1890
|
11,299
|
1731
|
2,970
|
1900
|
13,204
|
1755
|
3,873
|
1910
|
16,228
|
1779
|
4,671
|
1940
|
23,306
|
1787
|
5,167
|
1945
|
13,400
|
1811
|
5,493
|
1946
|
18,710
|
1821
|
5,957
|
1950
|
20,031
|
1830
|
6,904
|
1961
|
22,041
|
1851
|
6,936
|
1965
|
23,457
|
1857
|
7,622
|
1991
|
42,923
|
1869
|
9,483
|
2001
|
42,262
|
| 1700 | 1720 | 1890 | 1910 | 1930 | 1938 | 1991 | 2001 | 2011 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
61%
|
46%
|
71%
|
91.43%
|
45%
|
88%
|
31.10%
|
27.50%
| |||
25%
|
36%
|
8%
|
5.94%
|
42%
|
9.5%
|
66.82%
|
69.70%
| |||
German
|
13%
|
17%
|
4%
|
2%
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
<0.1%
| ||
-
|
-
|
3%
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
0.60%
| |||
-
|
-
|
13%
|
8.48%
|
8%
|
-
|
-
|
0.4%
|
Notable people
edit- Lucien Aigner – photographer
- Etienne Aigner – fashion designer
- Anton Bernolák – linguist
- Ayrton Cable – social activist
- Ferenc Helbing – graphic artist
- Mary Katherine Horony – noted Old West figure, partner of Dr. John H. "Doc" Holliday, present at the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral in Tombstone, Arizona
- Lajos Kassák – writer, critic, poet, publisher
- Ernest Klein - linguist, author, and rabbi
- Ľudovít Klein - mixed martial artist
- Samuel Klein - rabbi, historian, and historical geographer in Mandatory Palestine.
- Henrieta Nagyová – tennis player
- Peter Ölvecký – professional ice hockey player
- Ladislav Pataki – sports scientist, athletics coach, masters athletics champion
- György Pray – Jesuit Abbot, canon, librarian, historian
- Miriam Roth – Israeli pioneer of preschool education, author and scholar of children's literature
- Martina Suchá – tennis player
- Yaakov Weiss - member of the Irgun in Mandatory Palestine
Twin towns – sister cities
edit
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic (www.statistics.sk). "Hustota obyvateľstva - obce". www.statistics.sk. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
- ^ a b c "Základná charakteristika". www.statistics.sk (in Slovak). Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic. 17 April 2015. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
- ^ Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic (www.statistics.sk). "Počet obyvateľov podľa pohlavia - obce (ročne)". www.statistics.sk. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
- ^ "(Slovak)". Novezamky.sk. Archived from the original on 8 September 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2012.
- ^ http://mek.niif.hu/01800/01885/html/cd5m/kepek/c4341pe94122.jpg [bare URL image file]
- ^ "Kanuni'nin Deniz Siyaseti". Egze.com. 6 March 2006. Retrieved 16 January 2012.
- ^ a.s, Petit Press (24 April 2006). "Nové Zámky". spectator.sme.sk.
- ^ a b c d "Nove Zamky". www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org.
- ^ "Nove Zamky - New Castles in Slovakia". slowakei-netz.de.
- ^ "Art Gallery of Ernest Zmeták in Nové Zámky". www.regionnitra.sk.
- ^ "Nové Zámky – Orthodox synagogue". www.slovak-jewish-heritage.org.
- ^ "Statistical lexikon of municipalities 1970-2011" (PDF) (in Slovak).
- ^ "Census 2021 - Population - Basic results". Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic. 1 January 2021.
- ^ "Družobné mestá" (in Slovak). Nové Zámky. Retrieved 2 September 2019.
