The Novokirghiz or New Kirghiz is a modern Kyrgyz breed of horse. It was developed in the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic in the mid-twentieth century through cross-breeding of the traditional Kyrgyz Horse of the region with introduced horses of Thoroughbred, Don and Anglo-Don stock.
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| Country of origin | |
| Distribution | Kyrgyzstan |
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| three types: original, saddle, heavy | |
History
editThe Novokirghiz was bred in the mid-twentieth century in collective farms of the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic, a constituent Union Republic of the Soviet Union. Horses of the traditional Kyrgyz Horse of the region were cross-bred with horses of a variety of other breeds, principally Thoroughbred, Don and Anglo-Don stock;[3]: 298 some Turcoman and Kabarda stock may also have been used.[4]: 306 The resulting horses closely resembled the Don. They were larger, faster, heavier and more powerful than the traditional Kyrgyz horses, but did not have the same rusticity or the same level of adaptation to the mountainous terrain of Kyrgyzstan.[5]: 432 Three principal types developed within the new breed: the original or standard, the saddle and the heavy.[3]: 298 [6]: 489
A stallion named Banket, foaled in 1946, won a five-day cross-country endurance contest over five hundred kilometres of mountainous terrain; he completed the distance in fifty-four hours with a rider and equipment weighing a hundred kilograms, outrunning a Don horse.[5]: 431 [7]: 33 A group of the horses from the Naryn state collective, carrying 150 kg between rider and gear, took 11 hours to complete a distance of 110 kilometres on paths through the mountains.[7]: 33
The Novokirghiz was officially recognised in 1954, and a stud-book was started.[5]: 430 In 1980 a census of the population found some 114000 head, representing over half the horses in the Kirghiz SSR;[5]: 430 a population of 56500 is also reported for the same year.[2] In 2002 a population of 285000 head was reported; no population data has been reported since.[2]. The conservation status of the breed was listed by the FAO in 2007 as 'not at risk';[1]: 74 in 2022 it was listed in DAD-IS as 'unknown'.[2]
Characteristics
editThe Novokirghiz is a small horse. In its early years heights at the withers were in the range 143–151 cm; this later increased to an average of about 155 cm.[5]: 430 In 1989 the average height for stallions was reported to be 156 cm, and that for mares 151 cm.[3]: 298 The coat is usually either bay or chestnut.[2]
It is larger, heavier, faster and more powerful than the original Kirghiz horse, but has a less rustic constitution and is less well adapted to the harsh mountainous terrain of Kyrgyzstan.[5]: 432 Three principal types are identified within the breed: the original or standard type, the saddle type and the heavy or massive type.[3]: 298 [6]: 489
Uses
editUnlike many purposely-created breeds, the Novokirghiz was not bred for excellence in any one attribute, but to fill the same needs as the indigenous Kirghiz horse – as a riding horse, a draught horse, for horsemeat and for mare's milk – but more successfully.[5]: 430 Mares of the heavy type can give up to 20 kg of milk per day.[3]: 298
References
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- ^ a b Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007). List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources, annex to The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 9789251057629. Archived 23 June 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Breed data sheet: New Kirgiz / Kyrgyzstan (Horse). Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed December 2022.
- ^ a b c d e N.G. Dmitriev, L.K. Ernst (1989). Animal genetic resources of the USSR. FAO animal production and health paper 65. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 9251025827. Archived 13 November 2009. Also available here, archived 29 September 2017.
- ^ Élise Rousseau, Yann Le Bris, Teresa Lavender Fagan (2017). Horses of the World. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691167206.
- ^ a b c d e f g Carole Ferret (2011). À chacun son cheval! Identités nationales et races équines en ex-URSS (à partir des exemples turkmène, kirghize et iakoute) (in French). Cahiers d'Asie centrale. 19–20: 405–458. Also available as PDF, archived 17 November 2011.
- ^ a b Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding (sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI. ISBN 9781780647944.
- ^ a b Central Asian Review. 1 (2–3): 33.