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Novosphingobium pentaromativorans

Novosphingobium pentaromativorans is a species of high-molecular-mass polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium. It is Gram-negative, yellow-pigmented and halophilic.[1] The genome of the type strain US6-1T (=KCTC 10454T =JCM 12182T) has been sequenced, revealing the presence of two plasmids.[2][1] The larger of these plasmids contains the majority of the aromatic-hydrocarbon degrading genes and has been implicated in studies to play an important role in degrading bicyclic aromatic compounds[2][3].This ability to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and alkylated PAHs suggests N. pentaromativorans may be used for bioremediation.[4][5]  

Novosphingobium pentaromativorans
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Pseudomonadota
Class: Alphaproteobacteria
Order: Sphingomonadales
Family: Erythrobacteraceae
Genus: Novosphingobium
Species:
N. pentaromativorans
Binomial name
Novosphingobium pentaromativorans
Sohn et al. 2004

Characteristics

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Novosphingobium pentaromativorans is a gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria that forms colonies with a yellow pigment. It is a moderately halophilic, non-motile, nitrate reductase-positive, facultative anaerobe. N. pentaromativorans was first isolated from estuarine sediments in Ulsan Bay, Republic of Korea in 2004.[1] It was originally cultured on marine agar and tryptic soy agar and has optimal growth at 30°C. Additionally, ideal growth is observed with media containing a NaCl concentration of 2.5% and a pH of 6.5.[1] Importantly, N. pentaromativorans possesses the ability to degrade high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs as well as alkylated PAHs such as 1-methylphenanthrene.[1][5]

N. pentaromativorans US6-1 was sequenced in 2012, resulting in a genome of 5,096,413 bp with 63.1% GC content and the identification of two plasmids, designated pLA1 and pLA2. The larger plasmid, pLA1 was 188,476 bp in length with 62.6% GC content. The secondary plasmid, pLA2, is composed of 60,085 bp and has 60.2% GC content.[2] The genome of N. pentaromativorans US6-1 showed homology to the genome of N. aromaticivorans DSM 12444, another species belonging to the Novosphigobium genus, which can degrade mono- and bi-aromatic hydrocarbons.[2][6] Additionally, the conjugative region of pLA1 showed homology to N. aromaticivorans plasmid pNL1 and to the plasmid pCAR3 of Sphingomonas sp. strain KA1.[2]

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation

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One of the most studied qualities of N. pentaromativorans is its ability to degrade high molecular weight (HMW) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).[1] HMW PAHs are a toxic environmental pollutant that are often resistant to microbial degradation. Because of this, organisms that are capable of degrading these HMW PAHs are of high interest as potential candidates for bioremediation of PAH-contaminated environments.[4][7] Further, N. pentaromativorans has been used to study the proteins used in the degradation of PAHs, resulting in the identification of multiple enzymes involved in the process including 4-hydroxybenzoate 3-monooxygenase, salicylaldehyde dehydrogenase, and the PAH ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase alpha subunit.[8]

N. pentaromativorans is capable of degrading HMW PAHs with two to five aromatic rings.[1] It does this using the enzyme ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase and through further processing in either the o-phthalate pathway or salicylate pathway. Following these pathways, products are used in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and mineralized to CO2.[8] Several of the genes used in HMW PAH degradation are found on the chromosomal genome of N. pentaromativorans, but the PAH catabolic region primarily responsible for PAH degradation are located on pLA1.[2][3]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g Sohn, Jae Hak; Kwon, Kae Kyoung; Kang, Ji-Hyun; Jung, Hong-Bae; Kim, Sang-Jin (2004). "Novosphingobium pentaromativorans sp. nov., a high-molecular-mass polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium isolated from estuarine sediment". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 54 (5): 1483–1487. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.02945-0. ISSN 1466-5034. PMID 15388699.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Luo, Yuan Rong; Kang, Sung Gyun; Kim, Sang-Jin; Kim, Mi-Ree; Li, Nan; Lee, Jung-Hyun; Kwon, Kae Kyoung (February 2012). "Genome Sequence of Benzo(a)pyrene-Degrading Bacterium Novosphingobium pentaromativorans US6-1". Journal of Bacteriology. 194 (4): 907. doi:10.1128/JB.06476-11. ISSN 0021-9193. PMC 3272951. PMID 22275104.
  3. ^ a b Yun, Sung Ho; Choi, Chi-Won; Lee, Sang-Yeop; Lee, Yeol Gyun; Kwon, Joseph; Leem, Sun Hee; Chung, Young Ho; Kahng, Hyung-Yeel; Kim, Sang Jin; Kwon, Kae Kyoung; Kim, Seung Il (2014-03-07). "Proteomic Characterization of Plasmid pLA1 for Biodegradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Marine Bacterium, Novosphingobium pentaromativorans US6-1". PLOS ONE. 9 (3): e90812. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...990812Y. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0090812. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3946609. PMID 24608660.
  4. ^ a b Juhasz, Albert L; Naidu, Ravendra (2000-01-01). "Bioremediation of high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a review of the microbial degradation of benzo[a]pyrene". International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation. 45 (1): 57–88. Bibcode:2000IBiBi..45...57J. doi:10.1016/S0964-8305(00)00052-4. ISSN 0964-8305.
  5. ^ a b Sha, Sha; Zhong, Jianan; Chen, Baowei; Lin, Li; Luan, Tiangang (2017). "Novosphingobium guangzhouense sp. nov., with the ability to degrade 1-methylphenanthrene". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 67 (2): 489–497. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.001669. ISSN 1466-5034. PMID 27902280.
  6. ^ Romine, Margaret F.; Stillwell, Lisa C.; Wong, Kwong-Kwok; Thurston, Sarah J.; Sisk, Ellen C.; Sensen, Christoph; Gaasterland, Terry; Fredrickson, Jim K.; Saffer, Jeffrey D. (March 1999). "Complete Sequence of a 184-Kilobase Catabolic Plasmid from Sphingomonas aromaticivorans F199". Journal of Bacteriology. 181 (5): 1585–1602. doi:10.1128/JB.181.5.1585-1602.1999. ISSN 0021-9193. PMC 93550. PMID 10049392.
  7. ^ Kanaly, Robert A.; Harayama, Shigeaki (March 2010). "Advances in the field of high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation by bacteria". Microbial Biotechnology. 3 (2): 136–164. doi:10.1111/j.1751-7915.2009.00130.x. ISSN 1751-7915. PMC 3836582. PMID 21255317.
  8. ^ a b Lyu, Yihua; Zheng, Wei; Zheng, Tianling; Tian, Yun (2014-07-09). "Biodegradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Novosphingobium pentaromativorans US6-1". PLOS ONE. 9 (7): e101438. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9j1438L. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0101438. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4090153. PMID 25007154.

Further reading

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  • Staley, James T., et al. "Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology, vol. 3."Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, MD (1989): 2250–2251.
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