Nukuleka is a small fishing village on the north-east coast of the island of Tongatapu, Kingdom of Tonga. In January 2008, Canadian archaeologist David V. Burley claimed that it was the "cradle of Polynesia".
Archaeological importance
editIn 2007, Burley led an archaeological team conducting digs at a site in Nukuleka, and uncovered pieces of Lapita pottery which they estimated to be about 2,900 years old. Burley stated: "Tonga was the first group of islands in Polynesia to be settled by the Lapita people...and Nukuleka was their first settlement in Tonga.".[1] This finding challenged claims made by Samoa which, in the words of a New Zealand journalist, "has advertised itself for decades as the 'cradle of Polynesia'".[2][3]
According to Burley, it was at Nukuleka that Melanesian settlers developed a new culture and social structures, thus becoming a distinct people, "Polynesians", before setting out to colonise the uninhabited islands of Polynesia.[4] In 2012, Burley and his team reported Uranium-thorium dating of a coral file (abrader) found at Nukuleka of 888 BC (2,838 BP), thus providing a precise date for the earliest settlement of Nukuleka.[5]
However, Burley's conclusions have been questioned by Okusitino Māhina, lecturer in Pacific Political Economy and Pacific Arts Anthropology at the University of Auckland.[6][7]
Climate
edit| Climate data for Nuku'alofa | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 29 (84) |
29 (85) |
29 (84) |
28 (82) |
26 (79) |
25 (77) |
25 (77) |
24 (76) |
25 (77) |
26 (78) |
27 (81) |
28 (82) |
27 (80) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 22 (72) |
23 (73) |
23 (73) |
22 (71) |
20 (68) |
18 (65) |
18 (64) |
18 (65) |
18 (64) |
19 (67) |
21 (69) |
21 (69) |
20 (68) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 130 (5.3) |
190 (7.5) |
220 (8.6) |
130 (5.1) |
140 (5.5) |
110 (4.3) |
110 (4.3) |
140 (5.4) |
110 (4.4) |
99 (3.9) |
100 (4.1) |
130 (5) |
1,610 (63.4) |
| Source: Weatherbase [8] | |||||||||||||
References
edit- ^ "Tonga's Nukuleka, the birth place of Polynesia", Pesi Fonua, Matangi Tonga, 7 January 2008
- ^ "Tongan site dated oldest in Polynesia", Michael Field, Stuff.co.nz, 10 January 2008
- ^ "Tonga archaeology discovery blow to Samoa's 'cradle' claim", Radio Australia, 11 January 2008
- ^ "Canadian rewrites Oceania history", Randy Boswell, Calgary Herald, 21 January 2008
- ^ Burley, David, Weisier, Marshall I., and Zhao, Jian-xin (2012) High Precision U/Th Dating of First Polynesian Settlement. PLOS One 7 (11); e48769. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048769, accessed 8 December 2013
- ^ "Was Nukuleka really the cradle of Polynesia?", Matangi Tonga, 10 January 2008
- ^ "Anthropologist rejects Tonga 'cradle of Polynesia' theory", Radio Australia, 11 January 2008
- ^ "Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Nuku'alofa, Tonga". Weatherbase. 2011. Retrieved 24 November 2011.