OAS1

2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the OAS1 gene.

OAS1
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 4IG8
Identifiers
Aliases	OAS1, IFI-4, OIAS, OIASI, E18/E16, 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1
External IDs	OMIM: 164350; MGI: 2180860; HomoloGene: 1903; GeneCards: OAS1; OMA:OAS1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 12 (human) Band 12q24.13 Start 112,905,856 bp End 112,933,219 bp
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 5 (mouse) Band 5 F|5 60.65 cM Start 121,034,319 bp End 121,045,584 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in monocyte mucosa of transverse colon granulocyte rectum mucosa of esophagus mucosa of ileum spleen gallbladder nasal epithelium right lobe of liver Top expressed in granulocyte jejunum ileum colon duodenum placenta yolk sac blastocyst thymus bone marrow More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function transferase activity nucleotide binding nucleotidyltransferase activity metal ion binding protein binding RNA binding double-stranded RNA binding ATP binding 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase activity Cellular component cytoplasm intracellular membrane-bounded organelle extracellular region endoplasmic reticulum mitochondrion nucleus cytosol nucleoplasm Biological process purine nucleotide biosynthetic process regulation of ribonuclease activity glucose homeostasis interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway immune system process response to virus negative regulation of viral genome replication defense response to virus type I interferon signaling pathway protein complex oligomerization immune response glucose metabolic process cellular response to interferon-alpha innate immune response Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 4938 246730 Ensembl ENSG00000089127 ENSMUSG00000052776 UniProt P00973 P11928 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001032409 NM_002534 NM_016816 NM_001320151 NM_145211 RefSeq (protein) NP_001027581 NP_001307080 NP_002525 NP_058132 NP_660212 Location (UCSC) Chr 12: 112.91 – 112.93 Mb Chr 5: 121.03 – 121.05 Mb PubMed search
Wikidata
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This gene encodes a member of the 2-5A synthetase family, which include essential proteins involved in the innate immune response to viral infection.

The encoded protein is induced by interferons and uses adenosine triphosphate in 2'-specific nucleotidyl transfer reactions to synthesize 2',5'-oligoadenylates (2-5As). These molecules activate latent RNase L, which results in both viral and endogenous RNA degradation and the inhibition of viral replication. The three known members of this gene family are located in a cluster on chromosome 12. Hypomorphic mutations in this gene have been associated with host susceptibility to viral infection, while gain-of-function variants can cause autoinflammatory immunodeficiency. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described.

Further reading

• Justesen J, Hartmann R, Kjeldgaard NO (October 2000). "Gene structure and function of the 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase family". Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 57 (11): 1593–1612. doi:10.1007/PL00000644. PMC 11146851. PMID 11092454. S2CID 19154357.
• Ghosh SK, Kusari J, Bandyopadhyay SK, Samanta H, Kumar R, Sen GC (August 1991). "Cloning, sequencing, and expression of two murine 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetases. Structure-function relationships". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 266 (23): 15293–15299. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)98615-1. PMID 1651324.
• Silverman RH, Sengupta DN (1991). "Translational regulation by HIV leader RNA, TAT, and interferon-inducible enzymes". Journal of Experimental Pathology. 5 (2): 69–77. PMID 1708818.
• Saunders ME, Gewert DR, Tugwell ME, McMahon M, Williams BR (July 1985). "Human 2-5A synthetase: characterization of a novel cDNA and corresponding gene structure". The EMBO Journal. 4 (7): 1761–1768. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb03848.x. PMC 554415. PMID 2411547.
• Benech P, Mory Y, Revel M, Chebath J (September 1985). "Structure of two forms of the interferon-induced (2'-5') oligo A synthetase of human cells based on cDNAs and gene sequences". The EMBO Journal. 4 (9): 2249–2256. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb03922.x. PMC 554493. PMID 2416561.
• Williams BR, Saunders ME, Willard HF (July 1986). "Interferon-regulated human 2-5A synthetase gene maps to chromosome 12". Somatic Cell and Molecular Genetics. 12 (4): 403–408. doi:10.1007/BF01570735. PMID 2426799. S2CID 13077134.
• Hovanessian AG, Laurent AG, Chebath J, Galabru J, Robert N, Svab J (May 1987). "Identification of 69-kd and 100-kd forms of 2-5A synthetase in interferon-treated human cells by specific monoclonal antibodies". The EMBO Journal. 6 (5): 1273–1280. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02364.x. PMC 553929. PMID 2440675.
• Rutherford MN, Hannigan GE, Williams BR (March 1988). "Interferon-induced binding of nuclear factors to promoter elements of the 2-5A synthetase gene". The EMBO Journal. 7 (3): 751–759. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb02872.x. PMC 454386. PMID 2456211.
• Benech P, Vigneron M, Peretz D, Revel M, Chebath J (December 1987). "Interferon-responsive regulatory elements in the promoter of the human 2',5'-oligo(A) synthetase gene". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 7 (12): 4498–4504. doi:10.1128/MCB.7.12.4498. PMC 368134. PMID 2830497.
• Wathelet MG, Clauss IM, Nols CB, Content J, Huez GA (December 1987). "New inducers revealed by the promoter sequence analysis of two interferon-activated human genes". European Journal of Biochemistry. 169 (2): 313–321. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1987.tb13614.x. PMID 3121313.
• Wathelet MG, Szpirer J, Nols CB, Clauss IM, De Wit L, Islam MQ, et al. (September 1988). "Cloning and chromosomal location of human genes inducible by type I interferon". Somatic Cell and Molecular Genetics. 14 (5): 415–426. doi:10.1007/BF01534709. PMID 3175763. S2CID 42406993.
• Wathelet M, Moutschen S, Cravador A, DeWit L, Defilippi P, Huez G, et al. (February 1986). "Full-length sequence and expression of the 42 kDa 2-5A synthetase induced by human interferon". FEBS Letters. 196 (1): 113–120. Bibcode:1986FEBSL.196..113W. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(86)80224-1. PMID 3753689. S2CID 38673605.
• Shiojiri S, Fukunaga R, Ichii Y, Sokawa Y (May 1986). "Structure and expression of a cloned cDNA for human (2'-5')oligoadenylate synthetase". Journal of Biochemistry. 99 (5): 1455–1464. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a135615. PMID 3754863.
• Merlin G, Chebath J, Benech P, Metz R, Revel M (August 1983). "Molecular cloning and sequence of partial cDNA for interferon-induced (2'-5')oligo(A) synthetase mRNA from human cells". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 80 (16): 4904–4908. Bibcode:1983PNAS...80.4904M. doi:10.1073/pnas.80.16.4904. PMC 384155. PMID 6348777.
• Maruyama K, Sugano S (January 1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–174. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S (October 1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–156. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
• Ghosh A, Sarkar SN, Guo W, Bandyopadhyay S, Sen GC (December 1997). "Enzymatic activity of 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase is impaired by specific mutations that affect oligomerization of the protein". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (52): 33220–33226. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.52.33220. PMID 9407111.
• Hovnanian A, Rebouillat D, Mattei MG, Levy ER, Marié I, Monaco AP, et al. (September 1998). "The human 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase locus is composed of three distinct genes clustered on chromosome 12q24.2 encoding the 100-, 69-, and 40-kDa forms". Genomics. 52 (3): 267–277. doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5443. PMID 9790745.
• Sarkar SN, Ghosh A, Wang HW, Sung SS, Sen GC (September 1999). "The nature of the catalytic domain of 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetases". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (36): 25535–25542. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.36.25535. PMID 10464285.