Old Colony has the following meanings:
- Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts
- Old Colony Historical Society in Taunton, Massachusetts
- Old Colony Housing Project in Boston, Massachusetts
- Old Colony League, a high school athletic conference in Massachusetts
- Old Colony Memorial, a weekly newspaper based in Plymouth, Massachusetts
- Old Colony Railroad in southeastern Massachusetts
- Old Colony Lines (MBTA), branches of the MBTA commuter rail system in Massachusetts
- Old Colony Regional Vocational Technical High School, a full-time, Regional Vocational Technical High School in Rochester, Massachusetts
- Old Colony (bakery), a cookie company in Lake Bluff, Illinois
- Old Colony (soft drink), a soft drink in Puerto Rico
- Old Colony Mennonites, a Mennonite group, many of which live across North America
- Old Colony Trust Co. v. Commissioner, a United States Supreme Court income tax decision