Olyokminsk (Russian: Олёкминск, IPA: [ɐˈlʲɵkmʲɪnsk]; Yakut: Өлүөхүмэ, Ölüöxüme) is a town and the administrative center of Olyokminsky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, 651 kilometers (405 mi) southwest of Yakutsk, the capital of the republic. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 9,494.[2]
Olyokminsk
Олёкминск | |
|---|---|
Town under district jurisdiction[1] | |
| Other transcription(s) | |
| • Yakut | Өлүөхүмэ |
 Aerial view of Olyokminsk in afternoon | |
 Coat of arms | |
Location of Olyokminsk  | |
  Olyokminsk Location of Olyokminsk  Olyokminsk Olyokminsk (Sakha Republic) | |
| Coordinates: 60°22′N 120°25′E / 60.367°N 120.417°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Sakha Republic[1] |
| Administrative district | Olyokminsky District[1] |
| Town | Olyokminsk[1] |
| Founded | 1635[1] |
| Town status since | 1783 |
| Government | |
| • Head | Semyon Fedulov |
| Elevation | 150 m (490 ft) |
| Population | |
• Total | 9,494 |
| • Capital of | Olyokminsky District,[1] Town of Olyokminsk[1] |
| • Municipal district | Olyokminsky Municipal District[3] |
| • Urban settlement | Olyokminsk Urban Settlement[3] |
| • Capital of | Olyokminsky Municipal District,[4] Olyokminsk Urban Settlement[3] |
| Time zone | UTC+9 (MSK+6  [5]) |
| Postal code(s)[6] | 678100, 678139 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 41138 |
| OKTMO ID | 98641101001 |
| 2010 Census | 9,494[2] |
|---|---|
| 2002 Census | 10,003[7] |
| 1989 Census | 11,478[8] |
| 1979 Census | 10,595[9] |
History
editIt was founded in 1635[1] as an ostrog by the Cossacks led by Pyotr Beketov, sited on the left bank of the Lena opposite the mouth of the Olyokma River.[citation needed] The outpost was later moved a few kilometers upstream, to a location less prone to flooding in spring.
As the junction for river traffic on the Lena and Olyokma, it was the base for Russian expeditions further east and eventually became a trade center on the river route to Yakutsk. Town status was granted to it in 1783.[citation needed]
Decembrists Nikolay Chizhov and Andrey Andreyev were exiled here.
During World War II, an airfield was built here for the Alaska-Siberian (ALSIB) air route used to ferry American Lend-Lease aircraft to the Eastern Front.[10]
Geography
editThe town is located on the left bank of the Lena River. To the north rises the Lena Plateau and to the south, beyond the right bank of the Lena, lies the Olyokma-Chara Plateau.[11]
Administrative and municipal status
editWithin the framework of administrative divisions, Olyokminsk serves as the administrative center of Olyokminsky District.[1] As an inhabited locality, Olyokminsk is classified as a town under district jurisdiction.[1] As an administrative division, it is, together with four rural localities, incorporated within Olyokminsky District as the Town of Olyokminsk.[1] As a municipal division, the Town of Olyokminsk is incorporated within Olyokminsky Municipal District as Olyokminsk Urban Settlement.[3]
Economy and infrastructure
editTimber processing and a power plant are the focus of the town's economy, along with farming in the surrounding area.
Transportation
editOlyokminsk is served by the Olyokminsk Airport (IATA: OLZ).
Culture and sights
editThe town is notable for a number of surviving pre-20th century wooden architecture, including the Alexander Nevsky Chapel (1891) and Cathedral of Our Savior (1860).
Climate
editOlyokminsk has a subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification Dfc). Winters have temperatures averaging from −34.6 to −26.6 °C (−30.3 to −15.9 °F) in January, while summers have average temperatures from +12.0 to +24.9 °C (53.6 to 76.8 °F) in July. In the summer months of June, July, and August, it is not uncommon for temperatures to surpass +30 °C (86 °F) during the day. Precipitation is significantly higher in summer than at other times of the year. Although summers are similar to republic capital Yakutsk, winters are less severe courtesy of the lower latitude. As a result, Olyokminsk is rare for the Sakha Republic cities in that it has recorded above-freezing temperatures during January and February. Those episodes are rare and very short-lived.
On August 6, 1986, Olyokminsk recorded its highest ever temperature of +37.7 °C (99.9 °F).[12] The record low for Olyokminsk was −60.1 °C (−76.2 °F) in 1907.[13] July is the only month when temperatures never dropped below 0 °C (32 °F) and December is only month when temperatures have never reached 0 °C (32 °F).
| Climate data for Olyokminsk (1991-2020 normals, extremes 1882-present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 2.0 (35.6) |
1.0 (33.8) |
11.2 (52.2) |
18.8 (65.8) |
31.1 (88.0) |
35.4 (95.7) |
36.5 (97.7) |
37.7 (99.9) |
26.6 (79.9) |
18.2 (64.8) |
6.1 (43.0) |
−0.7 (30.7) |
37.7 (99.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −26.0 (−14.8) |
−19.9 (−3.8) |
−7.7 (18.1) |
4.0 (39.2) |
13.8 (56.8) |
23.0 (73.4) |
25.1 (77.2) |
21.3 (70.3) |
11.8 (53.2) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
−16.4 (2.5) |
−26.8 (−16.2) |
0.1 (32.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −30.0 (−22.0) |
−25.4 (−13.7) |
−14.8 (5.4) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
7.4 (45.3) |
15.9 (60.6) |
18.5 (65.3) |
14.7 (58.5) |
6.2 (43.2) |
−4.7 (23.5) |
−20.4 (−4.7) |
−30.5 (−22.9) |
−5.5 (22.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −33.9 (−29.0) |
−30.3 (−22.5) |
−21.6 (−6.9) |
−8.9 (16.0) |
1.1 (34.0) |
8.7 (47.7) |
12.2 (54.0) |
8.9 (48.0) |
1.3 (34.3) |
−8.7 (16.3) |
−24.4 (−11.9) |
−34.3 (−29.7) |
−10.8 (12.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −60.1 (−76.2) |
−57.6 (−71.7) |
−47.4 (−53.3) |
−35.1 (−31.2) |
−16.1 (3.0) |
−4.7 (23.5) |
0.2 (32.4) |
−4.7 (23.5) |
−13.7 (7.3) |
−32.1 (−25.8) |
−49.1 (−56.4) |
−57.2 (−71.0) |
−60.1 (−76.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 16.9 (0.67) |
13.8 (0.54) |
9.5 (0.37) |
10.2 (0.40) |
35.7 (1.41) |
40.2 (1.58) |
58.1 (2.29) |
56.2 (2.21) |
43.2 (1.70) |
20.8 (0.82) |
22.5 (0.89) |
19.0 (0.75) |
346.1 (13.63) |
| Average rainy days | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 3 | 15 | 16 | 15 | 15 | 16 | 5 | 0.1 | 0 | 85.3 |
| Average snowy days | 27 | 23 | 18 | 11 | 3 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 20 | 27 | 27 | 158.1 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 80 | 79 | 71 | 60 | 57 | 63 | 69 | 74 | 75 | 77 | 82 | 80 | 72 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 38 | 116 | 211 | 249 | 268 | 295 | 308 | 241 | 152 | 93 | 60 | 17 | 2,048 |
| Source 1: pogoda.ru.net[13] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: NOAA (sun only, 1961-1990)[14] | |||||||||||||
References
editNotes
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Divisions of the Sakha Republic
- ^ a b c Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ a b c d Law #173-Z #353-III
- ^ Law #172-Z #351-III
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
- ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1979 г. Национальный состав населения по регионам России [All Union Population Census of 1979. Ethnic composition of the population by regions of Russia] (XLS). Всесоюзная перепись населения 1979 года [All-Union Population Census of 1979] (in Russian). 1979 – via Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics.
- ^ Igor Lebedev. Aviation Lend-Lease to Russia. Nova Publishers, 1997, pp. 44–49
- ^ Google Earth
- ^ "Station Details: OLEKMINSK, RS, GHCND:RSM00024944". NOAA Climate Data Online. Retrieved June 10, 2013. (Select year to 1986, month to 8 and click "View Data" to verify)
- ^ a b "Weather And Climate - Climate Olekminsk" (in Russian). Retrieved January 20, 2013.
- ^ "Climate Normals for Olekminsk". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 20, 2013.
Sources
edit- Official website of the Sakha Republic. Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Divisions of the Sakha Republic. Olyokminsky District. (in Russian)
- Государственное Собрание (Ил Тумэн) Республики Саха (Якутия). Закон №172-З №351-III от 30 ноября 2004 г. «Об установлении границ и о наделении статусом муниципального района муниципальных образований Республики Саха (Якутия)», в ред. Закона №1535-З №597-V от 27 ноября 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в статьи 1 и 2 Закона Республики Саха (Якутия) "Об установлении границ и о наделении статусом муниципального района муниципальных образований Республики Саха (Якутия)"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Якутия", №245, 31 декабря 2004 г. (State Assembly (Il Tumen) of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic. Law #172-Z No. 351-III of November 30, 2004 On Establishing the Borders and on Granting the Municipal District Status to the Municipal Formations of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic, as amended by the Law #1535-Z No. 597-V of November 27, 2015 On Amending Articles 1 and 2 of the Law of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic "On Establishing the Borders and on Granting the Municipal District Status to the Municipal Formations of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic". Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
- Государственное Собрание (Ил Тумэн) Республики Саха (Якутия). Закон №173-З №353-III от 30 ноября 2004 г. «Об установлении границ и о наделении статусом городского и сельского поселений муниципальных образований Республики Саха (Якутия)», в ред. Закона №1058-З №1007-IV от 25 апреля 2012 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Республики Саха (Якутия) "Об установлении границ и о наделении статусом городского и сельского поселений муниципальных образований Республики Саха (Якутия)"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Якутия", №245, 31 декабря 2004 г. (State Assembly (Il Tumen) of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic. Law #173-Z No. 353-III of November 30, 2004 On Establishing the Borders and on Granting the Urban and Rural Settlement Status to the Municipal Formations of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic, as amended by the Law #1058-Z No. 1007-IV of April 25, 2012 On Amending the Law of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic "On Establishing the Borders and on Granting the Urban and Rural Settlement Status to the Municipal Formations of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic". Effective as of the day of the official publication.).