Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV) is a plant virus in the genus Potyvirus that has been identified worldwide and mainly infects species of Allium such as onion, garlic, and leek.[1][2][3][4] The virus causes mild to severe leaf malformation, and bulb reduction up to sixty percent has been observed in garlic.[5]
| Onion yellow dwarf virus | |
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| Symptoms of onion yellow dwarf virus in onions (Allium cepa L.) | |
Virus classification 
| |
| (unranked): | Virus |
| Realm: | Riboviria |
| Kingdom: | Orthornavirae |
| Phylum: | Pisuviricota |
| Class: | Stelpaviricetes |
| Order: | Patatavirales |
| Family: | Potyviridae |
| Genus: | Potyvirus |
| Species: | Onion yellow dwarf virus
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Genome
editThe full genome of OYDV is around 10,538 nucleotides long and encodes a polyprotein of 3,403 amino acids. Its P3 gene is longer than those of other known Potyviruses.[6]
OYDV is the first potyvirus found which has natural deletion mutants lacking the N-terminal region of helper-component proteinase (HC-Pro). The mutant isolates are common. Garlic plants grown commercially are generally co-infected with both the normal and attenuated isolates.[7] RNA silencing suppressor activities in isolates, which lack the long stretch of the N-terminal amino acids (~ 100 residues) in their HC-Pro gene, are observed to be low.[8]
Transmission
editIsolates with complete HC-Pro sequences were non-persistently transmitted by aphids on their own, while the isolates with short HC-Pros (OYDV-S) were only aphid transmissible when they were co-infected with leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV), another potyvirus that mostly infects Allium spp. LYSV HC-Pro was assumed to interlink both LYSV and OYDV-S with the aphid stylet.[9] OYDV is not transmitted by dodder.[10]
References
edit- ^ Ward, L. I.; Perez-Egusquiza, Z.; Fletcher, J. D.; Clover, G. R. G. (2009). "A survey of viral diseases of Allium crops in New Zealand". Australasian Plant Pathology. 38 (5): 533. Bibcode:2009AuPP...38..533W. doi:10.1071/AP09039. S2CID 39328059.
- ^ PARRANO, Leonardo; AFUNIAN, Mohammad; PAGLIACCIA, Deborah; DOUHAN, Greg; VIDALAKIS, Georgios (2012). "Characterization of viruses associated with garlic plants propagated from different reproductive tissues from Italy and other geographic regions". Phytopathologia Mediterranea. 51 (3): 549–565. ISSN 0031-9465. JSTOR 43872342.
- ^ Abraham, A. D.; Kidanemariam, D. B.; Holton, T. A. (15 May 2019). "Molecular identification, incidence and phylogenetic analysis of seven viruses infecting garlic in Ethiopia". European Journal of Plant Pathology. 155 (1): 181–191. Bibcode:2019EJPP..155..181A. doi:10.1007/s10658-019-01760-9. PMC 7680954. PMID 33304030.
- ^ Santosa, Adyatma Irawan; Ertunc, Filiz (19 June 2020). "Identification, molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of four viruses infecting Allium cepa in Ankara Province, Turkey". Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection. 127 (4): 561–569. doi:10.1007/s41348-020-00347-5. S2CID 225488130.
- ^ Lot, Harve; Chovelon, Véronique; Souche, Sylvie; Delecolle, Brigitte (2007). "Effects of Onion Yellow Dwarf and Leek Yellow Stripe Viruses on Symptomatology and Yield Loss of Three French Garlic Cultivars". Plant Disease. 82 (12): 1381–1385. doi:10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.12.1381. ISSN 0191-2917. PMID 30845474.
- ^ Chen, J.; Adams, M. J.; Zheng, H.-Y.; Chen, J.-P. (2003-05-01). "Sequence analysis demonstrates that Onion yellow dwarf virus isolates from China contain a P3 region much larger than other potyviruses". Archives of Virology. 148 (6): 1165–1173. doi:10.1007/s00705-003-0020-1. ISSN 0304-8608. PMID 12756621. S2CID 10079689.
- ^ Takaki, F.; Sano, T.; Yamashita, K. (3 July 2006). "The complete nucleotide sequence of attenuated onion yellow dwarf virus: a natural potyvirus deletion mutant lacking the N-terminal 92 amino acids of HC-Pro". Archives of Virology. 151 (7): 1439–1445. doi:10.1007/s00705-005-0716-5. PMID 16463124. S2CID 35484265.
- ^ Kim, Hangil; Aoki, Nana; Takahashi, Haruna; Yoshida, Naoto; Shimura, Hanako; Masuta, Chikara (14 May 2020). "Reduced RNA silencing suppressor activity of onion yellow dwarf virus HC-Pro with N-terminal deletion may be complemented in mixed infection with another potyvirus in garlic". Journal of General Plant Pathology. 86 (4): 300–309. Bibcode:2020JGPP...86..300K. doi:10.1007/s10327-020-00926-2. S2CID 218624707.
- ^ Jayasinghe, Wikum H.; Kim, Hangil; Sasaki, June; Masuta, Chikara (7 March 2021). "Aphid transmissibility of onion yellow dwarf virus isolates with an N-terminal truncated HC-Pro is aided by leek yellow stripe virus". Journal of General Plant Pathology. 87 (3): 178–183. Bibcode:2021JGPP...87..178J. doi:10.1007/s10327-021-00986-y. S2CID 233782267.
- ^ Bos, L. (1983). "Viruses and Virus Diseases of Allium Species". Acta Horticulturae (127): 11–30. doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.1983.127.1.
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