Operation Pipeline is a program of the United States Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA),[1] that trains police officers across the country on drug interdiction methods on roads.[2][3] The program began in the 1980s.[1] The American Civil Liberties Union wrote in 1999 that the program was "instrumental" in increasing the usage of pretext stops by law enforcement, and criticized materials used in the program as "implicitly (if not explicitly) encouraged the targeting of minority motorists."[2] Michelle Alexander, in her book The New Jim Crow, deemed the program "perhaps the best known" of a series of DEA programs created during the war on drugs that "train[] police to conduct utterly unreasonable and discriminatory stops and searches throughout the United States."[4]
In the 1980s and 1990s, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police developed a similar program in Canada.[5]
References
edit- ^ a b Kocieniewski, David (2000-11-29). "New Jersey Argues That the U.S. Wrote the Book on Race Profiling". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-11-21.
- ^ a b "Driving While Black: Racial Profiling On Our Nation's Highways". American Civil Liberties Union. Retrieved 2023-11-21.
- ^ "Operation Pipeline Training Course". United States Drug Enforcement Agency. September 10, 2019.
- ^ Alexander, Michelle (2020-01-07). The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. The New Press. p. 89. ISBN 978-1-62097-194-9.
- ^ Owusu-Bempah, Akwasi; Anthony Morgan (July 16, 2016). "A hard truth: Canada's policing style is very similar to the U.S." The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 2016-07-18.
Further reading
edit- Gross, Samuel R.; Bames, Katherine Y. (2002). "Road Work: Racial Profiling and Drug Interdiction on the Highway". Michigan Law Review: 651–754.
- Heumann, Milton; Cassak, Lance (2003). Good Cop, Bad Cop: Racial Profiling and Competing Views of Justice. Peter Lang. ISBN 978-0-8204-5829-8.
- Wiener, Richard L.; Bornstein, Brian H.; Schopp, Robert; Willborn, Steven L. (2007-05-11). Social Consciousness in Legal Decision Making: Psychological Perspectives. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-0-387-46218-9.