Oranjemund (German for "Mouth of Orange") is a diamond mining town of 4,000 inhabitants situated in the ǁKaras Region of the extreme southwest of Namibia, on the northern bank of the Orange River mouth at the border with South Africa.
Oranjemund | |
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 Flag | |
| Nickname: O – Mund | |
| Motto: Excellence Integrity Teamwork Diversity | |
  Oranjemund Location in Namibia | |
| Coordinates: 28°33′6″S 16°25′35″E / 28.55167°S 16.42639°E | |
| Country |  Namibia |
| Region | ǁKaras Region |
| Constituency | Oranjemund Constituency |
| Settled | 1936 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Henry Edward Coetzee (SWAPO) |
| Elevation | 39 ft (12 m) |
| Population (2011)[1] | |
• Total | 3,908 |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (South African Standard Time) |
| Climate | BWk |
History
editThe entire area along the shore of the Atlantic Ocean was proclaimed restricted (the Sperrgebiet) in 1908 due to the occurrence of alluvial diamonds. Since then, the public was forbidden entry. In 1927 diamonds were found south of the Orange River in South Africa. Hans Merensky and other prospectors assumed that the northern shore on South West African territory would also have diamonds. A year later they conducted an expedition from Lüderitz 300 kilometres (190 mi) to the mouth of the Orange River, where they found rich deposits on the north bank of the river and the adjacent northern coastline and established a tented camp from which Oranjemund had developed.[2]
Due to the Great Depression, diamond mining was not undertaken until 1935, a year later workers' houses were erected.[2] Oranjemund as a formal settlement was thus established in 1936.[3] Production of mainly gem-quality diamonds has remained approximately 2 million carats (400 kg) per year since inception of the mine, mainly through improvements in technology.[citation needed]
Until 2017 the town was run by Namdeb (formerly Consolidated Diamond Mines), now a subsidiary of De Beers. Access to, and settlement in Oranjemund was restricted to employees and their relatives. Its infrastructure is superior to that of other towns in Namibia's South, due to it not being dependent on cost recovery from its inhabitants. In the second half of the 20th century, Oranjemund featured a large recreational complex with swimming pool, cinema, restaurants and bars.[4] Water is still provided free of charge, and until 2016, so was electricity.[5]
Oranjemund was proclaimed a town in 2011.[6]
Transportation
editOranjemund features a border post to Alexander Bay, South Africa via the Ernest Oppenheimer Bridge over the Orange River. Until the town was declared accessible to the public in 2017, only persons with pre-application of 1 month were allowed to cross the border. Before the town was proclaimed in 2011, this was the only road access to Oranjemund, as the Sperrgebiet covered all territory north and east of the town. Today Oranjemund is connected to Rosh Pinah via a tarred road along the Namibian shore of the Orange River.[6]
Oranjemund Airport had scheduled flights to Cape Town, Lüderitz, Walvis Bay and Windhoek. As of 2023[update], only a scheduled flight to Windhoek Eros is offered.
Geography
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Climate
editOranjemund has a desert climate (BWk, according to the Köppen climate classification), with pleasant temperatures throughout the year. The average annual precipitation is 50 mm (2 in).
Politics
editOranjemund was privately owned by De Beers until 2017, and thus governed by the diamond mining company's administration. In 2011 the political administration was handed over to government which proclaimed it a town. It is now governed by a town council that has seven seats.[7]
The first election run in Oranjemund was a by-election of the 2010 local authority election, 2,221 registered voters elected local authority councillors for the first time on 16 March 2012. SWAPO won the elections, and since 23 March 2012 Henry Edward Coetzee is the town's mayor.
SWAPO also won the 2020 local authority election but lost majority control over the town council. SWAPO obtained 935 votes and gained three seats. Independent Patriots for Change (IPC), an opposition party formed in August 2020, gained 737 votes and also three seats. The remaining seat went to the Landless People's Movement (LPM, a new party registered in 2018) with 158 votes.[8]
References
edit- ^ "Table 4.2.2 Urban population by Census years (2001 and 2011)" (PDF). Namibia 2011 - Population and Housing Census Main Report. Namibia Statistics Agency. p. 39. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
- ^ a b Weidlich, Brigitte (20 October 2017). "Oranjemund opens its doors to the world". Gondwana Collection Namibia. Archived from the original on 10 May 2019. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
- ^ Hartman, Adam (May 2019). "Evolution of Namibia's mining towns". Mining Journal supplement to The Namibian. pp. 26–33.
- ^ Alexander, Mike. "THE REC CLUB!". oranjemundonline.com. Retrieved 16 March 2011.
- ^ Alexander, Mike. "Paying for Power!". oranjemundonline.com. Retrieved 16 March 2011.
- ^ a b Cloete, Luqman (3 August 2011). "Oranjemund proclaimed as town after long battle". The Namibian. p. 1.
- ^ "Know Your Local Authority". Election Watch. No. 3. Institute for Public Policy Research. 2015. p. 4.
- ^ "2020 Local Authority Elections Results and Allocation of Seats" (PDF). Electoral Commission of Namibia. 29 November 2020. p. 7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 24 December 2020.
External links
edit- Oranjemund Town Council, official website
- Oranjemund Online, unofficial website with historic pictures
- Oranjemund weather conditions
