Orland Smith (May 2, 1825 – October 3, 1903) was a railroad executive and a brigade commander in the Union Army during the American Civil War. In 1863, he led a spirited bayonet charge during the Battle of Wauhatchie that took a significant Confederate position on a hill that now bears his name.
Orland Smith | |
|---|---|
| Born | May 2, 1825 Lewiston, Maine, US |
| Died | October 3, 1903 (aged 78) Chicago, Illinois, US |
| Allegiance | United States Union |
| Service | United States Army Union Army |
| Years of service | 1861–1865 |
| Rank | Colonel Brevet Brigadier General |
| Unit | Army of the Potomac Army of the Cumberland |
| Commands | 73rd Ohio Infantry Smith's Brigade, XI Corps |
| Battles / wars | American Civil War |
| Other work | railroad executive |
Early life and career
editSmith was born in New England in Lewiston, Maine. He was educated in the local schools and became a railroad agent, serving as station manager at Lewiston until 1852 when he moved to Ohio. He became an official of the Marietta and Cincinnati Railroad and settled in Chillicothe, Ohio. When the railroad fell into financial difficulties, he was appointed receiver.[1]: 474 Smith was a lieutenant and commander of a militia company in the late 1850s, the "Chillicothe Greys."[citation needed]
Civil War service
editWith the outbreak of the Civil War, Smith joined the Union army and became the colonel of the 73rd Ohio Infantry, a regiment that was raised in Chillicothe in November 1861 and trained at nearby Camp Logan. Among his volunteer soldiers was Pvt. George Nixon III, the great-grandfather of future President Richard Nixon. Smith and his regiment saw action in western Virginia, fighting at the Battle of McDowell and the Battle of Cross Keys. During the late summer, as a part of the Army of Virginia, the 73rd OVI fought at the Second Battle of Bull Run near Manassas, Virginia.[2]
Smith assumed brigade command in the XI Corps on October 25, 1862, but he did not participate in the Battle of Chancellorsville. He returned to his command shortly before the Gettysburg Campaign, after Brig. Gen. Francis C. Barlow, who had led the brigade at Chancellorsville, was given command of the 1st Division on May 24, 1863. Smith's men held Cemetery Hill on the first day of the Battle of Gettysburg at the orders of MG Oliver O. Howard, and provided an anchor for the retreating Federal soldiers. On the second day, three of Smith's regiments were engaged in heavy skirmishing in front of Cemetery Hill, and the 33rd Massachusetts, deployed between East Cemetery Hill and a knoll on the McKnight farm, helped repulse an evening attack by Col. Isaac E. Avery's North Carolina brigade.[2]
Smith's Brigade was sent to the Western Theater in the autumn of 1863 along with the rest of the XI Corps. During the Chattanooga Campaign, Smith led his brigade in the Army of the Cumberland in a successful bayonet assault up a steep hill that now bears his name (Smith's Hill) during the Battle of Wauhatchie. In the army reorganization later that year, his brigade was disbanded and Smith returned on January 3, 1864 to the command of the 73rd OVI. He resigned his colonelcy on February 17, 1864. In the omnibus promotions at the close of the Civil War, Smith was appointed a brevet brigadier general dating from March 13, 1865.[2]
Postbellum career
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After the war, he returned to his career as a railroad officer and became President of the Cincinnati, Washington and Baltimore Railroad[3]: 45 and later, First Vice President of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad,[3]: 9 [4] with his office in Baltimore, Maryland. From 1884 to 1899 he was President of the Columbus and Cincinnati Midland Railroad.[3]: 47 [5]
See also
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References
edit- ^ Church, S. H., compiler (1898). Corporate History of the Pennsylvania Lines West of Pittsburgh. Vol. 2. Baltimore: The Friedenwald Company.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c Eicher, p. 498.
- ^ a b c Poor's Directory of Railroad Officials. New York and London: Poor's Railroad Manual Company. 1887.
- ^ "Gen. Orland Smith Ill". Buffalo Enquirer. Buffalo, NY. October 3, 1903. p. 10 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Gen. Orland Smith". New York Times. October 4, 1903. p. 7 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Death List of the Day". Buffalo Courier. Buffalo, NY. October 4, 1903. p. 14 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Obituary Notes". The Sun. New York, NY. October 4, 1903. p. 5 – via Newspapers.com.
- Eicher, John H.; Eicher, David J. (2001). Civil War High Commands. Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-3641-3.
- Pfanz, Harry W. (1993). Gettysburg: Culp's Hill and Cemetery Hill. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-2118-7.
- Dyer, Frederick H. (1978) [1st pub. 1908 by Dyer Publishing, Des Moines, IA]. A Compendium of the War of Rebellion: Compiled and Arranged From Official Records of the Federal and Confederate Armies, Reports of the Adjutant Generals of the Several States, The Army Registers and Other Reliable Documents and Sources. Morningside Books. ISBN 978-0-89029-046-0.
- "Obituary". New York Times. October 4, 1903.