Orshansky or Orshanski is a toponymic surname meaning "someone from Orsha". Usually it is a Jewish surname. Belarusian-language form: Arshanski/Arshansky.
- Isaac Orshansky (1851-1923), Russian psychiatrist
- Michael Orshansky, American researcher in integrated circuit design
- Mollie Orshansky (1915-2006), American economist and statistician
- Tommy Arshansky, Israeli judoka
- Tsezar Orshansky , Soviet Ukrainian animated film creator