Orthogonium is a genus of Ediacaran fauna approximately 550-530 million years old. Because of its taphonomy and likeness to other Ediacaran fauna, and as well as to crinoids, paleontologists dispute its classification.
| Orthogonium Temporal range: Ediacaran,
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|---|---|
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | incertae sedis |
| Genus: | †Orthogonium Gürich, 1930 |
| Species: | †O. parallelum
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| Binomial name | |
| †Orthogonium parallelum Gürich, 1930
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Description
editThe fossil consists of 8 parallel rows of tubes, which are square in cross-section, lying parallel to bedding. These tubes are divided into sections, the longest preserved tube is 58 mm long with 28, mesh-like sections, each of which is 2 mm high and 3 mm wide. Each section is separated from adjacent sections by a defined groove. These square section tubes may represent original pneu structures that did not collapse during fossilization and were filled with sediment, preserving the three-dimensional form of the structure.[1]
The fossil resembles several others, particularly Ectenocrinus simplex.[1] This comparison was made by Gürich, who compared the tubes to the likeness of the arms of the crinoids. Mikhail Fedonkin, classified O. parallelum as a quilted petalonam because of its unique preservation. “They resemble sand-filled rocks which were composed of several tubes, often constricted midway by a prominent surface, but what these structures represent is uncertain.”[2] J. John Sepkoski classified Orthogonium as a member of the subphylum Medusae with sister taxa including Bonata, Inaria, and Bronicella.[3]
Diversity
editOnly one species is known to exist, Orthogonium parallelum.[1]
Discovery
editThe fossil was discovered in 1930 by Georg Gürich on Farm Kuibis in the Namibian foreland basin.[1]
Distribution
editWithin the formation, alluvial plain deposition grades into sandstones which originated from channels and deltas along a shoreline. The overlying shales in the formation were deposited offshore, and the mud cracks, clasts, and gypsum characterizing the area indicate a tidal deposition. The formation has been dated to 530±10 Mya through K-Ar radiometric dating.[4][5]
Ecology
editAs there is no consensus as to the classification of Orthogonium, and as opinions range from crinoid to jellyfish, there is no way to describe the habits of this taxon.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d Gürich, Georg (1930). "Die Kuibis-Fossilien der Nama-Formation von Südwestafrika". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 15 (2–3): 137–154. doi:10.1007/BF03041648. S2CID 130968715.
- ^ Fedonkin, M. A. (2007). The rise of animals : evolution and diversification of the kingdom animalia. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 9780801886799. OCLC 85162342.
- ^ John., Sepkoski, J. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Jablonski, David, Foote, Michael J. Ithaca, N.Y.: Paleontological Research Institution. ISBN 978-0877104506. OCLC 50682622.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Lipps, J. H.; Signor, P. W. (1992). "Functional and Ecological Aspects of Ediacaran Assemblages". Origin and Early Evolution of the Metazoa. pp. 131–176. doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-2427-8. ISBN 978-0-306-44067-0.
- ^ Pickford, M. H. L. (1995). "Review of the Riphean, Vendian and early Cambrian palaeontology of the Otavi and Nama Groups, Namibia" (PDF). Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia. 10: 57–81.