Osbert fitzHervey (died 1206) was an Anglo-Norman royal judge. Brother of Hubert Walter and Theobald Walter, Osbert served three kings of England and may have contributed to the legal treatise attributed to his uncle, Ranulf de Glanvill. Ralph of Coggeshall, a medieval writer, praised Osbert's knowledge of law, but condemned his acceptance of gifts from plaintiffs and defendants in legal cases. Osbert was one of a group of men who are considered the first signs of a professional judiciary in England.
Osbert fitzHervey | |
|---|---|
| Died | 1206 |
| Occupation | Royal justice |
| Spouse | Margaret |
| Parent(s) | Hervey Walter Maud de Valoignes |
Background and early life
editOsbert was from East Anglia, where he held lands.[1] He was a younger brother of Hubert Walter, later Archbishop of Canterbury,[2] and thus the son of Hervey Walter[3] and his wife Maud de Valoignes, one of the daughters (and co-heiresses) of Theobald de Valoignes, lord of Parham in Suffolk.[4][5] Osbert was one of six brothers.[6] The older brothers, Theobald Walter and Hubert, were helped in their careers by their uncle, Ranulf de Glanvill.[4][a] Glanvill was the chief justiciar for Henry II; and was married to Maud de Valoignes' sister, Bertha.[6] The other three brothers – Roger, Hamo (or Hamon) and Bartholomew – only appear as witnesses to charters.[5][6][b]
Osbert's lands were chiefly in Norfolk and Suffolk, but he also had some lands in Essex[2] and some from the Count of Perche.[8] Other lands were held from two monastic houses in East Anglia: St Benet Holme and Bury St Edmunds.[9]
Career
editOsbert served as a royal judge under three English kings: Henry II,[10] Richard I, and John.[1] He was often sent as an itinerant justice to East Anglia;[11] the historian Barbara Dodwell said of him that "of all the justices his knowledge of East Anglian disputes was probably the greatest".[12] It appears that Osbert's royal service was confined to judicial matters, as no other evidence of any other offices has surfaced.[13]
The treatise Tractatus of Glanvill, which is traditionally attributed to Osbert's uncle Ranulf de Glanvill,[14][c] and to which Osbert himself may have contributed, names only seven judges, including Osbert.[15] He was one of a group of royal justices that included Simon of Pattishall, Ralph Foliot, Richard Barre, William de Warenne, and Richard Herriard, used by Hubert Walter, the Justiciar of England during Richard's reign, and chosen for their ability rather than any familial ties. This group replaced the previous system of using mostly local men, and represent the first signs of a professional judiciary.[16] In 1194 Osbert was one of the collectors of the carucage in eastern England, along with Barre and de Warrene.[17]
Later life and death
editIn 1198 Osbert married Margaret of Rye,[d] with whom he had at least one son.[8] Osbert paid the king 20 pounds for the right to marry Margaret.[19] Osbert died in 1206,[1] without having made a will.[20] At his death, his yearly income was more than 240 pounds.[21] Ralph of Coggeshall mentions Osbert, without using his name, as a royal judge who would go to Hell in his "Vision of Thurkill".[1] This work detailed the punishments that awaited sinners, and Osbert was accused of accepting gifts from both sides of lawsuits.[1] Coggeshall did state that Osbert was "most expert in worldly law" and was famous for "his overflowing eloquence and experience in the law".[22] According to Coggeshall, Osbert's punishment in Hell would consist of having to swallow hot coins and then being forced to vomit the coins back up.[1] After his death, William of Huntingfield offered King John a fine for the right to the custody of Osbert's heir and lands,[23] the fine amounting to 200 marks and two palfreys.[24]
Notes
edit- ^ The Complete Peerage lists Theobald as the eldest brother, but other historians are less certain.[7]
- ^ Osbert had a relative with the same name who was the brother of his uncle Glanvill, and with whom this Osbert should not be confused.[2]
- ^ That Glanvill was the author of the treatise is no longer considered likely by most historians.[14]
- ^ She is sometimes known as Margaret de Ria or Margaret of Brancaster, which may mean that she was a widow.[18]
Citations
edit- ^ a b c d e f Turner "Reputation of Royal Judges" Albion pp. 305–306
- ^ a b c Turner English Judiciary p. 92
- ^ Greenway Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300
- ^ a b Cokayne Complete Peerage: Volume Two p. 447
- ^ a b Young Hubert Walter p. 4
- ^ a b c Stacey "Walter, Hubert" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
- ^ Mortimer "Family of Rannulf de Glanville" Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research p. 9
- ^ a b West Justiciarship in England pp. 161–163
- ^ Turner English Judiciary p. 123
- ^ West Justiciarship in England p. 84
- ^ Turner English Judiciary p. 80
- ^ Quoted in Turner English Judiciary p. 80
- ^ Turner English Judiciary p. 88
- ^ a b Turner "Who Was the Author of Glanvill?" Law and History Review pp. 98–99
- ^ Turner "Who Was the Author of Glanvill?" Law and History Review p. 119 and footnote 162
- ^ Heiser "Households of the Justiciars" Haskins Society Journal pp. 226–227
- ^ Appleby England without Richard p. 217
- ^ Turner English Judiciary p. 113
- ^ Appleby England without Richard p. 226
- ^ Turner "Religious Patronage" Albion p. 10
- ^ Turner "Reputation of Royal Judges" Albion p. 315
- ^ Quoted in Turner "Reputation of Royal Judges" Albion pp. 305–306
- ^ Turner "Huntingfield, William of" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
- ^ Turner English Judiciary p. 116
References
edit- Appleby, John T. England Without Richard: 1189–1199. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. OCLC 399130.
- Cokayne, George E. (1982). The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct, or Dormant: Volume Two Bass to Canning (Microprint ed.). Gloucester, UK: A. Sutton. ISBN 0-904387-82-8.
- Greenway, Diana E. (1999). Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300. Vol. 6: York. Institute of Historical Research. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 16 March 2008.
- Heiser, Richard (1990). "The Households of the Justiciars of Richard I: An Inquiry into the Second Level of Medieval English Government". In Patterson, Robert B. (ed.). Haskins Society Journal. Vol. 2. London: Hambledon Press. pp. 223–235. ISBN 1-85285-059-0.
- Mortimer, Richard (May 1981). "The Family of Rannulf de Glanville". Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research. liv (129): 1–16. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2281.1981.tb02034.x.
- Stacey, Robert C. (2004). "Walter, Hubert (d. 1205)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/28633. Retrieved 16 March 2008. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
- Turner, Ralph V. (2008). The English Judiciary in the Age of Glanvill and Bracton, c. 1176–1239 (Reprint ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-07242-7.
- Turner, Ralph V. (2004). "Huntingfield, William of (d. in or before 1225)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/14238. Retrieved 25 March 2013. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
- Turner, Ralph V. (Spring 1986). "Religious Patronage of Angevin Royal Administrators, c. 1170–1239". Albion. 18 (1): 1–21. doi:10.2307/4048700. JSTOR 4048700.
- Turner, Ralph V. (Winter 1979). "The Reputation of Royal Judges Under the Angevin Kings". Albion. 11 (4): 301–316. doi:10.2307/4048542. JSTOR 4048542.
- Turner, Ralph V. (Spring 1990). "Who Was the Author of Glanvill? Reflections on the Education of Henry II's Common Lawyers". Law and History Review. 8 (1): 97–127. doi:10.2307/743677. JSTOR 743677. S2CID 145197921.
- West, Francis (1966). The Justiciarship in England 1066–1232. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
- Young, Charles R. (1968). Hubert Walter: Lord of Canterbury and Lord of England. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. OCLC 443445.