Ostaszewski is a Polish masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Ostaszewska. It may refer to:
- Ostoja-Ostaszewski, Polish noble family
- Henryk Ostaszewski (1892-1957), Polish lawyer and politician
- Maja Ostaszewska (born 1972), Polish actress
- Mateusz Ostaszewski (born 1998), Polish football midfielder
- Piotr Ostaszewski (born 1964), Polish historian, political scientist, translator