Osteopathia striata with cranial sclerosis (OSCS) is a rare genetic entity characterized by osseous abnormalities.
| Osteopatgia striata with cranial stenosis | |
|---|---|
| Other names | OSCS |
| Specialty | Medical genetics, Radiology |
| Symptoms | Bone anomalies mainly |
| Complications | Respiratory arrest and nutritional deficiency |
| Usual onset | Birth |
| Duration | Lifelong |
| Causes | Genetic mutation |
| Prevention | none |
| Prognosis | Medium |
| Frequency | rare, between 70 and 90 cases have been described |
| Deaths | – |
Signs and symptoms
editSymptoms and their severity vary person to person but generally people with OSCS have generalized dysplasia of the distal parts of the long bones, cranial sclerosis (that is, the hardening of bones in the face and head), macrocephaly (abnormally large head), and cleft palate. Developmental delay, hearing loss, congenital heart defects, alongside feeding and breathing (dyspnea) difficulties are common as well, although they are not seen in all cases.[1]
Complications
editThe feeding and breathing difficulties that are sometimes associated with OSCS can result in starvation, nutritional deficiencies, and/or respiratory arrest if they remain untreated, which may result in early death.[2]
Treatment
editAlthough OSCS has no cure, it can be treated and managed. Treatment is symptom-specific, for example: avoiding areas with air pollution (e.g., big cities, smoking areas, etc.), high-altitude areas, and physically exhausting activities can reduce breathlessness episodes (breathing difficulties).[3]
Causes
editThis condition is caused by X-linked dominant mutations in the AMER1 gene, in the X chromosome.[4]
Prevalence
editAccording to OMIM, the total number of cases described in medical literature is between 70 and 90.[5]
References
edit- ^ "Osteopathia striata with cranial sclerosis - About the Disease - Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center". rarediseases.info.nih.gov. Retrieved 2022-07-05.
- ^ Arts-Rodas, Debby; Benoit, Diane (1998). "Feeding problems in infancy and early childhood: Identification and management". Paediatrics & Child Health. 3 (1): 21–27. doi:10.1093/pch/3.1.21. ISSN 1205-7088. PMC 2851259. PMID 20401193.
- ^ "Difficulty breathing: Causes, symptoms, and treatment". www.medicalnewstoday.com. 2019-02-13. Retrieved 2022-07-06.
- ^ "Orphanet: Osteopathia striata cranial sclerosis syndrome". www.orpha.net. Retrieved 2022-07-06.
- ^ "Entry - #300373 - Osteopathia striata with cranial sclerosis; OSCS - OMIM". www.omim.org. Retrieved 2022-07-06.