PKS 2215+020, known as PMN J2217+0220, is a quasar located in the Aquarius constellation. Its redshift is 3.57, meaning the object is located 11.6 billion light-years away from Earth.[1] It is classified as a flat spectrum radio source quasar.[2]
| PKS 2215+020 | |
|---|---|
 PKS 2215+020 seen by DESI Legacy Surveys | |
| Observation data (J2000.0 epoch) | |
| Constellation | Aquarius |
| Right ascension | 22h 17m 48.238s |
| Declination | +02d 20m 10.71s |
| Redshift | 3.570000 |
| Heliocentric radial velocity | 1,070,259 km/s |
| Distance | 11.6 Gly (light travel time distance) |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 0.54 |
| Apparent magnitude (B) | 0.43 |
| Surface brightness | 21.5 |
| Characteristics | |
| Type | RLQ, AGN1 |
| Other designations | |
| NVSS J221748+022011, FIRST J221748.2+022011, PGC 2831265, 87GB J221515.4+020507, TXS 2215+020, PMN J2217+0220 | |
Characteristics
editPKS 2215+020 is an optically faint and radio-loud quasar (S5 GHz = 0.50.6 Jy).[3][4] Included as part of the Parkes Half-Jansky Flat Spectrum Sample,[5] the quasar has a corresponding linear scale of 3.38 h−1 pc mas−1 and deceleration parameter of q0 = 0.5, which its radio spectral index of 2215+020 is a 5 GHz divided by 2.7 GHz = -0.15 (Sv ∞ vx). From X-ray emission observation with ROSAT in 1998, a minimum evidence for possible elongation along the P.A. = 60°-70° is found.[6]
PKS 2215+020 is a blazar,[7] a type of active galaxy shooting out a jet towards the direction of Earth, according to researchers who studied its jet components. They found out that the quasar contains a nearly proper motion (0.02 mas/yr) superluminal jet about two times the speed of light. PKS 2215+020 has a delta of =11.5 for the Doppler-boosting factor, which they found that the inner relativistic jet inclined within 2 degrees to line of sight, with a Lorentz factor of Gamma=6 bulk.[8]
Further observations from the VSOP observation, found out the jet in PKS 2215+020 has an interesting morphology. They observed that extent of the jet is remarkable showing >80 mas, 250 h−1 pc. Moreover, the jet structures observed in 2215+020 are 10 time larger compared to quasars at z > 3 observed with VLBI, suggesting the jet has a working surface.[9]
Black hole
editThe supermassive black hole in the center of PKS 2215+020 has an estimated solar mass of ~ 4×109 Msolar.[10] According to resolution images of the quasar, researchers found there is rich core-jet structure, unusually large, based on the linear scales from 5 h−1 to 300 h−1 pc (H0 = 100 h km s-1 Mpc-1).[10] This makes PKS 2215+020 to have the longest jet observed, so far at a redshift greater than 3. Through comparing similarities with the VLA and ROSAT observations, an extended radio/X-ray halo surrounding PKS 2215+020 is present.[11]
References
edit- ^ "Your NED Search Results". ned.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2024-05-25.
- ^ Healey, Stephen E.; Romani, Roger W.; Taylor, Gregory B.; Sadler, Elaine M.; Ricci, Roberto; Murphy, Tara; Ulvestad, James S.; Winn, Joshua N. (2007-07-01). "CRATES: An All-Sky Survey of Flat-Spectrum Radio Sources". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 171 (1): 61–71. arXiv:astro-ph/0702346. Bibcode:2007ApJS..171...61H. doi:10.1086/513742. ISSN 0067-0049.
- ^ Griffith, Mark R.; Wright, Alan E. (1993-05-01). "The Parkes-MIT-NRAO (PMN) Survey. I. The 4850 MHz Surveys and Data Reduction". The Astronomical Journal. 105: 1666. Bibcode:1993AJ....105.1666G. doi:10.1086/116545. ISSN 0004-6256.
- ^ Gregory, P. C.; Scott, W. K.; Douglas, K.; Condon, J. J. (1996-04-01). "The GB6 Catalog of Radio Sources". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 103: 427. Bibcode:1996ApJS..103..427G. doi:10.1086/192282. ISSN 0067-0049.
- ^ Drinkwater, M. J.; Webster, R. L.; Francis, P. J.; Condon, J. J.; Ellison, S. L.; Jauncey, D. L.; Lovell, J.; Peterson, B. A.; Savage, A. (1997-01-01). "The Parkes Half-Jansky Flat-Spectrum Sample". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 284 (1): 85–125. arXiv:astro-ph/9609019. Bibcode:1997MNRAS.284...85D. doi:10.1093/mnras/284.1.85. ISSN 0035-8711.
- ^ Siebert, J.; Brinkmann, W. (1998-05-01). "ROSAT HRI observations of seven high redshift quasars". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 333: 63–69. arXiv:astro-ph/9802101. Bibcode:1998A&A...333...63S. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ^ Nowakowski, Tomasz; Phys.org. "Observations explore radio jet of a powerful quasar". phys.org. Retrieved 2024-05-26.
- ^ Frey, Sándor; Fogasy, Judit; Perger, Krisztina; Kulish, Kateryna; Benke, Petra; Koller, Dávid; Gabányi, Krisztina Éva (2024-02-17). "Revisiting a Core-Jet Laboratory at High Redshift: Analysis of the Radio Jet in the Quasar PKS 2215+020 at z=3.572". Universe. 10 (2): 97. arXiv:2402.10722. Bibcode:2024Univ...10...97F. doi:10.3390/universe10020097. ISSN 2218-1997.
- ^ Paragi, Z.; Frey, S.; Gurvits, L. I.; Kellermann, K. I.; Schilizzi, R. T.; McMahon, R. G.; Hook, I. M.; Pauliny-Toth, I. I. K. (1999-04-01). "VLBI imaging of extremely high redshift quasars at 5 GHz". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 344: 51–60. arXiv:astro-ph/9901396. Bibcode:1999A&A...344...51P. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ^ a b Lobanov, A. P.; Gurvits, L. I.; Frey, S.; Schilizzi, R. T.; Kawaguchi, N.; Pauliny-Toth, I. I. K. (2001). "VLBI Space Observatory Programme Observation of the Quasar PKS 2215+020: A New Laboratory for Core-Jet Physics at z = 3.572". The Astrophysical Journal. 547 (2): 714–721. arXiv:astro-ph/0008442. Bibcode:2001ApJ...547..714L. doi:10.1086/318391.
- ^ Lobanov, A. P.; Gurvits, L. I.; Frey, S.; Schilizzi, R. T.; Kellermann, K. I.; Kawaguchi, N.; Pauliny-Toth, I. I. K. (February 2001). "VSOP observation of the quasar PKS 2215+020: a new laboratory for core-jet physics at z=3.572". The Astrophysical Journal. 547 (2): 714–721. arXiv:astro-ph/0008442. Bibcode:2001ApJ...547..714L. doi:10.1086/318391. ISSN 0004-637X.