PRKAG3

5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRKAG3 gene.

PRKAG3
Identifiers
Aliases	PRKAG3, AMPKG3, protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit gamma 3, SMGMQTL
External IDs	MGI: 1891343; HomoloGene: 23006; GeneCards: PRKAG3; OMA:PRKAG3 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 2 (human) Band 2q35 Start 218,822,383 bp End 218,832,086 bp
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 1 (mouse) Band 1|1 C4 Start 74,778,081 bp End 74,788,380 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in muscle of thigh gastrocnemius muscle tibialis anterior muscle skeletal muscle tissue Skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis quadriceps femoris muscle vastus lateralis muscle biceps brachii testicle deltoid muscle Top expressed in medial head of gastrocnemius muscle triceps brachii muscle vastus lateralis muscle knee joint tibialis anterior muscle skeletal muscle tissue muscle of thigh sternocleidomastoid muscle temporal muscle ankle More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Gene ontology Molecular function nucleotide binding AMP-activated protein kinase activity ATP binding protein kinase binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding Cellular component cytosol nucleotide-activated protein kinase complex nucleoplasm extracellular space Biological process intracellular signal transduction lipid metabolism fatty acid metabolic process protein phosphorylation fatty acid biosynthetic process glycogen biosynthetic process macroautophagy regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator regulation of macroautophagy glycolytic process response to muscle activity involved in regulation of muscle adaptation regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 53632 241113 Ensembl ENSG00000115592 ENSMUSG00000006542 UniProt Q9UGI9 Q8BGM7 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_017431 NM_153744 NM_153745 RefSeq (protein) NP_059127 NP_714966 Location (UCSC) Chr 2: 218.82 – 218.83 Mb Chr 1: 74.78 – 74.79 Mb PubMed search
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a regulatory subunit of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK is a heterotrimer consisting of an alpha catalytic subunit, and non-catalytic beta and gamma subunits. AMPK is an important energy-sensing enzyme that monitors cellular energy status. In response to cellular metabolic stresses, AMPK is activated, and thus phosphorylates and inactivates acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and beta-hydroxy beta-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), key enzymes involved in regulating de novo biosynthesis of fatty acid and cholesterol. This subunit is one of the gamma regulatory subunits of AMPK. It is dominantly expressed in skeletal muscle. Studies of the pig counterpart suggest that this subunit may play a key role in the regulation of energy metabolism in skeletal muscle.

Further reading

• Woods A, Cheung PC, Smith FC, Davison MD, Scott J, Beri RK, Carling D (1996). "Characterization of AMP-activated protein kinase beta and gamma subunits. Assembly of the heterotrimeric complex in vitro". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (17): 10282–90. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.48.30517. PMID 8626596.
• Cheung PC, Salt IP, Davies SP, Hardie DG, Carling D (2000). "Characterization of AMP-activated protein kinase gamma-subunit isoforms and their role in AMP binding". Biochem. J. 346 Pt 3 (3): 659–69. doi:10.1042/0264-6021:3460659. PMC 1220898. PMID 10698692.
• Nielsen JN, Mustard KJ, Graham DA, Yu H, MacDonald CS, Pilegaard H, Goodyear LJ, Hardie DG, Richter EA, Wojtaszewski JF (2003). "5'-AMP-activated protein kinase activity and subunit expression in exercise-trained human skeletal muscle". J. Appl. Physiol. 94 (2): 631–41. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00642.2002. PMID 12391032.
• Jeon JT, Park EW, Jeon HJ, Kim TH, Lee KT, Cheong IC (2004). "A large-insert porcine library with sevenfold genome coverage: a tool for positional cloning of candidate genes for major quantitative traits". Mol. Cells. 16 (1): 113–6. doi:10.1016/S1016-8478(23)13774-5. PMID 14503854.
• Mahlapuu M, Johansson C, Lindgren K, Hjälm G, Barnes BR, Krook A, Zierath JR, Andersson L, Marklund S (2004). "Expression profiling of the gamma-subunit isoforms of AMP-activated protein kinase suggests a major role for gamma3 in white skeletal muscle". Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 286 (2): E194–200. doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00147.2003. PMID 14559719.
• Amarger V, Erlandsson R, Pielberg G, Jeon JT, Andersson L (2003). "Comparative sequence analysis of the PRKAG3 region between human and pig: evolution of repetitive sequences and potential new exons". Cytogenet. Genome Res. 102 (1–4): 163–72. doi:10.1159/000075743. PMID 14970697. S2CID 2854577.
• Park HB, Marklund S, Jeon JT, Mickelson JR, Valberg SJ, Sandberg K, Andersson L (2003). "Molecular characterization and mutational screening of the PRKAG3 gene in the horse". Cytogenet. Genome Res. 102 (1–4): 211–16. doi:10.1159/000075751. PMID 14970705. S2CID 6972588.
• Barnes BR, Long YC, Steiler TL, Leng Y, Galuska D, Wojtaszewski JF, Andersson L, Zierath JR (2006). "Changes in exercise-induced gene expression in 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase gamma3-null and gamma3 R225Q transgenic mice". Diabetes. 54 (12): 3484–9. doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.12.3484. PMID 16306365.
• Lindgren K, Ormestad M, Persson M, Martinsson S, Svensson LT, Mahlapuu M (2007). "Regulation of the muscle-specific AMP-activated protein kinase alpha2beta2gamma3 complexes by AMP and implications of the mutations in the gamma3-subunit for the AMP dependence of the enzyme". FEBS J. 274 (11): 2887–96. doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.05821.x. PMID 17518971. S2CID 82469680.