PSME1

Proteasome activator complex subunit 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PSME1 gene.

PSME1
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1AVO
Identifiers
Aliases	PSME1, IFI5111, PA28A, PA28alpha, REGalpha, HEL-S-129m, proteasome activator subunit 1
External IDs	OMIM: 600654; MGI: 1096367; HomoloGene: 4560; GeneCards: PSME1; OMA:PSME1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 14 (human) Band 14q12 Start 24,136,163 bp End 24,138,967 bp
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 14 (mouse) Band 14 C3|14 28.19 cM Start 55,815,580 bp End 55,818,986 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in granulocyte monocyte lymph node spleen right adrenal gland duodenum right adrenal cortex appendix left adrenal gland rectum Top expressed in spleen mesenteric lymph nodes duodenum right ventricle thymus right lung lobe jejunum blood left lung subcutaneous adipose tissue More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function endopeptidase activator activity protein binding Cellular component proteasome complex cytoplasm nucleoplasm proteasome activator complex cytosol extracellular exosome Biological process tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway protein polyubiquitination T cell receptor signaling pathway positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle regulation of mRNA stability antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I, TAP-dependent antigen processing and presentation of exogenous antigen regulation of cellular amino acid metabolic process NIK/NF-kappaB signaling Fc-epsilon receptor signaling pathway negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway MAPK cascade stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway positive regulation of endopeptidase activity proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway negative regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle protein deubiquitination SCF-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process transmembrane transport regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to hypoxia post-translational protein modification regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 5720 19186 Ensembl ENSG00000092010 ENSG00000284916 ENSMUSG00000022216 UniProt Q06323 P97371 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_176783 NM_001281528 NM_001281529 NM_006263 NM_011189 RefSeq (protein) NP_001268457 NP_001268458 NP_006254 NP_788955 NP_035319 Location (UCSC) Chr 14: 24.14 – 24.14 Mb Chr 14: 55.82 – 55.82 Mb PubMed search
Wikidata
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Function

The 26S proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered structure composed of 2 complexes, a 20S core and a 19S regulator. The 20S core is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. The 19S regulator is composed of a base, which contains 6 ATPase subunits and 2 non-ATPase subunits, and a lid, which contains up to 10 non-ATPase subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. An essential function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides. The immunoproteasome contains an alternate regulator, referred to as the 11S regulator or PA28, that replaces the 19S regulator. Three subunits (alpha, beta and gamma) of the 11S regulator have been identified. This gene encodes the alpha subunit of the 11S regulator, one of the two 11S subunits that is induced by gamma-interferon. Three alpha and three beta subunits combine to form a heterohexameric ring. Two transcripts encoding different isoforms have been identified.

Interactions

PSME1 has been shown to interact with:

• Emerin and
• PSME2.

Further reading

• Coux O, Tanaka K, Goldberg AL (1996). "Structure and functions of the 20S and 26S proteasomes". Annu. Rev. Biochem. 65: 801–47. doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.65.070196.004101. PMID 8811196.
• Sijts A, Sun Y, Janek K, Kral S, Paschen A, Schadendorf D, Kloetzel PM (2002). "The role of the proteasome activator PA28 in MHC class I antigen processing". Mol. Immunol. 39 (3–4): 165–9. doi:10.1016/S0161-5890(02)00099-8. PMID 12200048.
• Goff SP (2003). "Death by deamination: a novel host restriction system for HIV-1". Cell. 114 (3): 281–3. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00602-0. PMID 12914693.
• Rasmussen HH, van Damme J, Puype M, Gesser B, Celis JE, Vandekerckhove J (1993). "Microsequences of 145 proteins recorded in the two-dimensional gel protein database of normal human epidermal keratinocytes". Electrophoresis. 13 (12): 960–9. doi:10.1002/elps.11501301199. PMID 1286667. S2CID 41855774.
• Ahn JY, Tanahashi N, Akiyama K, Hisamatsu H, Noda C, Tanaka K, Chung CH, Shibmara N, Willy PJ, Mott JD (1995). "Primary structures of two homologous subunits of PA28, a gamma-interferon-inducible protein activator of the 20S proteasome". FEBS Lett. 366 (1): 37–42. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(95)00492-R. PMID 7789512.
• Realini C, Dubiel W, Pratt G, Ferrell K, Rechsteiner M (1994). "Molecular cloning and expression of a gamma-interferon-inducible activator of the multicatalytic protease". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (32): 20727–32. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)32052-5. PMID 8051173.
• Ahn K, Erlander M, Leturcq D, Peterson PA, Früh K, Yang Y (1996). "In vivo characterization of the proteasome regulator PA28". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (30): 18237–42. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.30.18237. PMID 8663520.
• Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB (1997). "Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery". Genome Res. 6 (9): 791–806. doi:10.1101/gr.6.9.791. PMID 8889548.
• Seeger M, Ferrell K, Frank R, Dubiel W (1997). "HIV-1 tat inhibits the 20 S proteasome and its 11 S regulator-mediated activation". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (13): 8145–8148. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.13.8145. PMID 9079628.
• Soza A, Knuehl C, Groettrup M, Henklein P, Tanaka K, Kloetzel PM (1997). "Expression and subcellular localization of mouse 20S proteasome activator complex PA28". FEBS Lett. 413 (1): 27–34. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(97)00864-8. PMID 9287111.
• McCusker D, Jones T, Sheer D, Trowsdale J (1998). "Genetic relationships of the genes encoding the human proteasome beta subunits and the proteasome PA28 complex". Genomics. 45 (2): 362–7. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.4948. PMID 9344661.
• Johnston SC, Whitby FG, Realini C, Rechsteiner M, Hill CP (1998). "The proteasome 11S regulator subunit REG alpha (PA28 alpha) is a heptamer". Protein Sci. 6 (11): 2469–73. doi:10.1002/pro.5560061123. PMC 2143584. PMID 9385652.
• Wang X, Omura S, Szweda LI, Yang Y, Bérard J, Seminaro J, Wu J (1998). "Rapamycin inhibits proteasome activator expression and proteasome activity". Eur. J. Immunol. 27 (11): 2781–6. doi:10.1002/eji.1830271106. PMID 9394799. S2CID 23525256.
• Knowlton JR, Johnston SC, Whitby FG, Realini C, Zhang Z, Rechsteiner M, Hill CP (1998). "Structure of the proteasome activator REGalpha (PA28alpha)". Nature. 390 (6660): 639–43. Bibcode:1997Natur.390..639K. doi:10.1038/37670. PMID 9403698. S2CID 4309279.
• Kohda K, Ishibashi T, Shimbara N, Tanaka K, Matsuda Y, Kasahara M (1998). "Characterization of the mouse PA28 activator complex gene family: complete organizations of the three member genes and a physical map of the approximately 150-kb region containing the alpha- and beta-subunit genes". J. Immunol. 160 (10): 4923–35. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.160.10.4923. PMID 9590240.
• Madani N, Kabat D (1998). "An endogenous inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus in human lymphocytes is overcome by the viral Vif protein". J. Virol. 72 (12): 10251–5. doi:10.1128/JVI.72.12.10251-10255.1998. PMC 110608. PMID 9811770.
• Simon JH, Gaddis NC, Fouchier RA, Malim MH (1998). "Evidence for a newly discovered cellular anti-HIV-1 phenotype". Nat. Med. 4 (12): 1397–400. doi:10.1038/3987. PMID 9846577. S2CID 25235070.
• McCusker D, Wilson M, Trowsdale J (1999). "Organization of the genes encoding the human proteasome activators PA28alpha and beta". Immunogenetics. 49 (5): 438–45. doi:10.1007/s002510050517. PMID 10199920. S2CID 40575791.