The Paberžė Regiment (Lithuanian: Paberžės pulkas; Polish: Pułk Podbrzeski) was a Lithuanian infantry regiment commanded by Antanas Mackevičius during the Uprising of 1863. It was named after the village Paberžė (Polish: Podbrzezie). The regiment fought mostly in the Kaunas Governorate and ranged in strength from 700 to 1,170 members.[1]
| Paberžė Regiment | |
|---|---|
| Active | 1863 March 8 – Autumn 1863 |
| Type | Infantry |
| Engagements | Uprising of 1863 |
| Commanders | |
| First and only commander | Antanas Mackevičius |
Formation
editOn March 8, the priest Antanas Mackevičius read out the National Government's manifesto and its decrees during his sermon. After Holy Mass, about 300 people moved to the Krekenava forest, from whom the Paberžės regiment was formed.[2] Their weaponry consisted of scythes and old guns.[2] The uprising's leadership gave the name of Paberžė regiment to A. Mackevičius' party.[3]
Composition
editThe unit was mainly made up of local Lithuanian peasants, but there were also representatives of the gentry, mainly the poor, urban youth and students. Germans, Prussian Lithuanians and volunteers from Mazovia also joined the unit.[4] The officers were mainly fugitives from the Imperial Russian army, as well as cadets from the Polish military school in Cuneo. Unit was soon joined by Bolesław Kołyszko as a military instructor.[5]
Flag
edit
His unit used a banner sewn from two parts: the top navy blue and the bottom crimson. It depicted on the main side the White Eagle wearing a crown and the inscription in Polish: PUŁK PODBRZEŹSKI (the Paberžė Regiment),[6] and motto in Polish: BOŻE ZBAW POLSKĘ (God, Save Poland).[6] On the other side was an oil painted image of the Virgin Mary and St. Elisabeth.[7] The regiment also had its own flag, which was entrusted to Juozas Damalakas, who was 16 years old in 1863 and was the regiment's youngest member.[3][8]
Uniform
editThe insurgents wore gray knee-length sukmanas girdled with a leather belt, and the officers wore czamaras. On their heads, they wore rogatywka-style hats trimmed with sheep fur (so called krakuska).[7]
References
edit- ^ Pugačiauskas, Virgilijus (2019). XIX a. Lietuvos karinių dalinių istorija (PDF) (in Lithuanian). Vilnius: General Jonas Žemaitis Military Academy of Lithuania. p. 96. ISBN 978-609-8074-97-0.
- ^ a b Budreckis 1967.
- ^ a b Daugirdas, Algimantas (ed.). "Paberžės kunigas, sukilėlių vadas" (PDF) (in Lithuanian). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 July 2016.
- ^ Łaniec 2002b, p. 71.
- ^ Kozłowski 1974, p. 84-85.
- ^ a b Ptak, Jan. "Inscriptions on military flags in Poland: an attempt at forming a typology". Roczniki Humanistyczne. 67 (2): 162.
- ^ a b Powstanie styczniowe w zbiorach Muzeum Wojska Polskiego [The January Uprising in the collection of the Polish Army Museum] (in Polish). 1966. p. 72.
- ^ "1863-1864 m. sukilėlio, A. Mackevičiaus būrio vėliavininko Juozo Damalako kapas". Kultūros vertybių registras (in Lithuanian). 2020-10-13.
Sources
edit- Budreckis, Algirdas (May 1967). "Pavyzdingas sukilėlis". Karys (in Lithuanian). 5 (1432).
- Kozłowski, Eligiusz (1974). "Antoni Mackiewicz". Polski Słownik Biograficzny (in Polish). Vol. 19. Wrocław. pp. 84–85.
{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Łaniec, Stanisław (2002b). Litwa i Białorus w dobie konspiracji powstania zbrojnego (1861—1864) [Lithuania and Belarus in the era of conspiracy and armed uprising (1861-1864)] (in Polish). Olsztyn.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)