Palladium black is a coarse, sponge-like form of elemental palladium which offers a large surface area for catalytic activity. It is used in organic synthesis as a catalyst for hydrogenation reactions.[1]
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| IUPAC name
Palladium
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| Other names
Palladium black
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| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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PubChem CID
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| Properties | |
| Pd | |
| Molar mass | 106.42 |
| Appearance | Black powder |
| Solubility | Organic solvents |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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The term palladium black is also used colloquially to refer to a black precipitate of elemental palladium, which forms via decomposition of various palladium complexes.[2]
Preparation
editPalladium black is typically prepared from palladium(II) chloride or palladium(II)-ammonium chloride.[1] The palladium chloride process entails the formation of palladium hydroxide using lithium hydroxide followed by reduction under hydrogen gas[3] while the palladium(II)-ammonium chloride route employs a solution of formic acid followed by the precipitation of the catalyst using potassium hydroxide.[4]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Nishimura, Shigeo (2001). Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenation for Organic Synthesis (1st ed.). New York: Wiley-Interscience. pp. 34–35. ISBN 9780471396987.
- ^ Iwasawa, Tetsuo; Tokunaga, Makoto; Obora, Yasushi; Tsuji, Yasushi (2004-06-01). "Homogeneous Palladium Catalyst Suppressing Pd Black Formation in Air Oxidation of Alcohols". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 126 (21): 6554–6555. doi:10.1021/ja031936l. ISSN 0002-7863. PMID 15161274.
- ^ Nishimura, Shigeo; Itaya, Takashi; Shiota, Michio (1967). "Reactions of cycloalkanones in the presence of platinum-metal catalysts and hydrogen". Chemical Communications (9): 422–423. doi:10.1039/C19670000422.
- ^ Zelinsky, N.; Glinka, N. (1911). "Über gleichzeitige Reduktions- und Oxydationskatalyse". Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft. 44 (3): 2305–2311. doi:10.1002/cber.19110440347.