The Palliser Formation is a stratigraphic unit of Late Devonian (Famennian) age in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin.[3] It is a thick sequence of limestone and dolomitic limestone that is present in the Canadian Rockies and foothills of western Alberta. Tall cliffs formed of the Palliser Formation can be seen throughout Banff and Jasper National Parks.
| Palliser Formation | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: | |
 The type section of the cliff-forming Palliser Formation near Lake Minnewanka | |
| Type | Geological formation |
| Sub-units | Costigan Member Morro Member |
| Underlies | Exshaw Formation |
| Overlies | Alexo Formation |
| Thickness | up to 580 metres (1,900 ft)[1] |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Limestone, dolomite |
| Other | Anhydrite |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | 51°16′08″N 115°16′30″W / 51.26877°N 115.27490°W |
| Region | Canadian Rockies |
| Country |  Canada |
| Type section | |
| Named for | Palliser Range |
| Named by | H.H. Beach, 1943[2] |
The formation was named for the Palliser Range in Banff National Park (which in turn took its name from John Palliser, the leader of the 1850s Palliser Expedition), by H.H. Beach in 1943.[2] The type locality was defined in 1994 in the "Devil's Gap" section south of Mount Costigan of the Palliser Range, north of Lake Minnewanka.[4]
Lithology and paleontology
editThe Palliser Formation was deposited in a marine environment as an extensive carbonate shelf.[5] It is subdivided into the Morro Member (the lower part) and the Costigan Member (the upper part).[6] The Morro Member consists of massive, fine-grained limestone and dolomitic limestone. It contains remains of brachiopods, crinoids, gastropods, ostracods and conodont elements. The Costigan Member is less dolomitic, more argillaceous, and more fossiliferous than the Morro. It contains remains of brachiopods, crinoids, conodont elements, nautiloids, bryozoans, stromatoporoids and stromatolites.[4][1] Anhydrite beds can be present in both members.[7]
Distribution and thickness
editThe Palliser Formation is present throughout the main and front ranges of the Canadian Rockies, where it reaches a maximum thickness of 580 metres (1,900 ft), as well as in the subsurface in the foothills, where it is up to 240 metres (790 ft) thick.[1]
Relationship to other units
editThe Palliser Formation is disconformably overlain by the Exshaw Formation and conformably underlain by the Alexo Formation. It is equivalent to the Wabamun Group in central Alberta, to the middle part of the Three Forks Formation in Saskatchewan and Montana and to the Tetcho Formation and Kotcho Formation in the Fort Nelson area of British Columbia.[1][7][8]
Economic resources
editLimestone quarried from the Palliser Formation is used to manufacture cement at Exshaw, Alberta.[9]
References
edit- ^ a b c d Lexicon of Canadian Geologic Units. "Palliser Formation". Archived from the original on 2009-04-16. Retrieved 2009-03-01.
- ^ a b Beach, H.H., 1943. Moose Mountain and Morley map-areas, Alberta; Geological Survey of Canada, Memoir 236, 74 p.
- ^ Mossop, G.D. and Shetsen, I., (compilers), Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists and Alberta Geological Survey (1994). "The Geological Atlas of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin, Chapter 13: Devonian Wabamun Group of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin". Archived from the original on 2015-03-14. Retrieved 2014-10-18.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b Meijer Drees, N.C. and Johnston, D.I. 1994. Type Section and conodont biostratigraphy of the Upper Devonian Palliser Formation, southwestern Alberta. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology. 42:1. P 55-62.
- ^ Beales, F.W. 1954. The Palliser Banks in the Late Devonian seas of southwestern Alberta. Alberta Society of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, vol. 2, no. 10, p. 1-5.
- ^ DeWit, R.W., and McLaren, D.J. 1950. Devonian Sections in the Rocky Mountains between Crowsnest Pass and Jasper, Alberta. Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 50-23.
- ^ a b Glass, D.J. (editor) 1997. Lexicon of Canadian Stratigraphy, vol. 4, Western Canada including eastern British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and southern Manitoba. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Calgary, 1423 p. on CD-ROM. ISBN 0-920230-23-7.
- ^ Alberta Geological Survey. "Alberta Table of Formations, May 2019" (PDF). Alberta Energy Regulator. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
- ^ Leckie, D.A. 2017. Rocks, ridges and rivers – Geological wonders of Banff, Yoho, and Jasper National Parks, p. 47. Brokenpoplars, Calgary, Alberta, 217 pp. ISBN 978-0-9959082-0-8.