Paltrow is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Origin
Language(s)Slavic, Anglicized
MeaningAnglicized from Paltrowicz, Paltrowitch; derived from Palter, Yiddish given name from Paltiel
Region of originPoland
Other names
Variant form(s)Paltiel (Hebrew: פלטיאל), Palter, Pelter; Paltrowicz, Paltrowitch, Paltrowitz (e.g. Darren Paltrowitz), Palterovich, Polterowicz; Peltowicz, Peltynowicz, etc.
See also Peter Taylor, Baron Taylor of Gosforth (about rabbinical Palterovich family), [1]