Paraparaba is a genus of land planarians from South America.
| Paraparaba | |
|---|---|
| |
| Paraparaba impositrix | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Platyhelminthes |
| Order: | Tricladida |
| Family: | Geoplanidae |
| Subfamily: | Geoplaninae |
| Genus: | Paraba Carbayo et al., 2013 |
| Type species | |
| Geoplana rubidolineata Baptista & Leal-Zanchet, 2005
| |
Description
editSpecies of the genus Paraparaba have a slender body with nearly parallel margins while creeping. The largest specimens may reach about 8 cm in length. Both sides of the body are slightly convex. The pharynx is cylindrical and the prostatic vesicle is extrabulbar. The copulatory apparatus has a permanent, protrusible, conical penis occupying the entire male cavity, which is unfolded, and the female cavity is rounded and filled with a multilayered epithelium.[1]
Taxonomy
editSpecies in the genus Paraparaba were first assigned to a genus named Paraba, of which the chosen type species was Geoplana multicolor Graff, 1899. However, this was based on specimens that are not conspecific with the holotype of Geoplana multicolor. An analysis of the holotype indicated that it matches the definition of the genus Geoplana and not Paraba. This made Paraba become a junior synonym of Geoplana and the new name Paraparaba was chosen to include species previously in Paraba.[2]
Etymology
editParaparaba means multicolored, with many colors in the Tupi language. It is formed by a reduplication of the word Paraba meaning variegated, and alludes to the name of the species Geoplana multicolor, which was originally chosen as the type species of Paraba. The name could also be interpreted as coming from Greek para, beside, plus the name of the former genus Paraba.[2]
Species
editThe following species are recognised in the genus Paparaba:
- Paraparaba aurantia Marques & Leal-Zanchet, 2022[3]
- Paraparaba bresslaui (Schirch, 1929)[4]
- Paraparaba caapora (Froehlich, 1958)
- Paraparaba cassula (E. M. Froehlich, 1955)
- Paraparaba franciscana (Leal-Zanchet & Carbayo, 2001)
- Paraparaba gaucha (Froehlich, 1959)
- Paraparaba goettei (Schirch, 1929)
- Paraparaba hortulana Rossi & Leal-Zanchet, 2023[5]
- Paraparaba iguassuensis Peres, Rossi & Leal-Zanchet, 2020[6]
- Paraparaba incognita (Riester, 1938)
- Paraparaba impositrix Rossi, Boll & Leal-Zanchet, 2024[2]
- Paraparaba pankaru Amaral & Leal-Zanchet, 2019
- Paraparaba phocaica (Marcus, 1951)
- Paraparaba piriana (Almeida & Carbayo, 2012)
- Paraparaba preta (Riester, 1938)
- Paraparaba pseudogaucha Rossi & Leal-Zanchet, 2023[5]
- Paraparaba rubidolineata (Baptista & Leal-Zanchet, 2005)
- Paraparaba smaragdina Rossi, Negrete & Leal-Zanchet, 2020[6]
- Paraparaba suva (Froehlich, 1959)
- Paraparaba tapira (Froehlich, 1958)
- Paraparaba tata Bolonhezi, Lago-Barcia & Carbayo, 2020
- Paraparaba tingauna (Kishimoto & Carbayo, 2012)
- Paraparaba viricornuta Rossi & Leal-Zanchet, 2023[5]
References
edit- ^ Carbayo, F.; Álvarez-Presas, M.; Olivares, C. U. T.; Marques, F. P. L.; Froehlich, E. X. M.; Riutort, M. (2013). "Molecular phylogeny of Geoplaninae (Platyhelminthes) challenges current classification: Proposal of taxonomic actions". Zoologica Scripta. 42 (5): 508. doi:10.1111/zsc.12019.
- ^ a b c Rossi, Ilana; Boll, Piter Kehoma; Leal-Zanchet, Ana Maria (2024). "Multispecies multicolor: Resolving the century-old taxonomic trouble of Geoplana multicolor (Platyhelminthes: Geoplanidae)". Zoologia (Curitiba). 41. doi:10.1590/S1984-4689.v41.e23093.
- ^ Marques, Alessandro Damasceno; Hartmann, Alef; Valiati, Victor Hugo; Leal-Zanchet, Ana Maria (9 November 2022). "Two new land planarian species (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida) from the Cerrado biome in southwestern Brazil". Zootaxa. 5205 (4): 301–330. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5205.4.1. eISSN 1175-5334. ISSN 1175-5326.
- ^ Silva, Marcos Santos; Carbayo, Fernando (10 February 2020). "X-ray microcomputed tomography applied to the taxonomic study of rare material: redescriptions of seven of Schirch's Brazilian species of land planarians (Geoplanidae, Platyhelminthes)". ZooKeys (910): 1–42. doi:10.3897/zookeys.910.39486. eISSN 1313-2970. ISSN 1313-2989. PMC 7026197. PMID 32099514.
- ^ a b c Rossi, Ilana; Leal-Zanchet, Ana Maria (2023). "Hidden diversity under stripes: three new species of land flatworms of the genus Paraba (Platyhelminthes: Geoplanidae) from the southern Atlantic forest". Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment. doi:10.1080/01650521.2023.2278220.
- ^ a b Rossi, Ilana; Peres, Jéssica Cardoso; Negrete, Lisandro; Leal-Zanchet, Ana (September 2020). "Increasing the species diversity of the genus Paraba (Platyhelminthes) with the description of two new species from the southern atlantic forest". Zoologischer Anzeiger. 288: 11–23. doi:10.1016/j.jcz.2020.06.003. hdl:11336/136597. ISSN 0044-5231.