Parliamentary opposition in Ethiopia

Since 1995, Ethiopia's politics is a multi-party system holding opposition political groups. Many opposition parties often skeptical to government transition programs, exposing to the government. Those parties also often accused of benefit the ruling party. According to commentators, the basic shortcomings among majority parties is lack of institutional capacity and clear ideological foundations as well as poorly organized. Other criticism is those party always failed to cooperate each other, underrepresented their representative societies due to few resources. Those parties tend to lack strong administrative and communicative structures and the capacity to compete.

The EPRDF coalition was dominated predominately TPLF, establishing ethno-nationalist political parties under it. Majority parties include the Oromo Democratic Party (ODP), Amhara Democratic Party (ADP) and Southern Ethiopian People's Democratic Movement (SEPDM). Opposition groups during that era often faced marginalization and negligence by the ruling party TPLF. In addition, there was also allegation of human rights abuses, including arbitrary arrests, torture, and suppression of dissent as well as lack of democracy by not permitting free and fair elections.

List of opposition political parties

EPRDF regime

Name	Formed	Type
Oromo Liberation Front	1973	Regional
Ogaden National Liberation Front	1984	Regional
All Ethiopian Unity Party	2002	National
Unity for Democracy and Justice	2008	National
Ethiopian Federal Democratic Unity Forum	2008	National
Semayawi Party	2002	National
Ethiopian Democratic Party	1999	National
Arena Tigray for Democracy and Sovereignty	2000	Regional
Ethiopian Social Democratic Party	1998	National

Prosperity Party regime

Name	Formed	Type
Balderas Party	2019	National
Ethiopian Citizens for Social Justice	2019	National
National Movement of Amhara	2018	Regional
Freedom and Equality Party	2019	National
Enat Party	2019	National
Gedeo People's Democratic Party	1992	Regional