Parus (Russian: Парус meaning Sail), also Tsyklon-B or Tsiklon-B (Russian: Циклон-Б meaning Cyclone-B) and Tsikada-M (Russian: Цикада-М meaning Cicada-M),[1] GRAU index 11F627, was a Russian, previously Soviet satellite constellation used for communication and navigation. As of 2010, 99 Parus satellites had been launched, starting with Kosmos 700 in 1974.[2] All launches had been conducted using Kosmos-3M carrier rockets, flying from sites 132 and 133 at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome.[3]
| Manufacturer | JSC Information Satellite Systems |
|---|---|
| Country of origin | Soviet Union Russia |
| Operator | VKS |
| Applications | Navigation Communications |
| Specifications | |
| Bus | KAUR-1 |
| Launch mass | 825 kilograms (1,819 lb) |
| Regime | Low Earth |
| Design life | 18-24 months |
| Production | |
| Status | Decommissioned |
| Built | >99 |
| Launched | 99 |
| Operational | Unknown |
| Lost | 1-4 |
| Maiden launch | Kosmos 700, 26 December 1974 |
| Related spacecraft | |
| Derived from | Tsikada |
The prime function of Parus satellites was to provide location information for the Tsiklon-B navigation system.[4]
Parus satellites were produced by JSC Information Satellite Systems (formerly NPO PM), based on the KAUR-1 satellite bus. They had a mass of around 825 kilograms (1,819 lb), and a design life of 18–24 months.[1] The satellites operated in low Earth orbits, typically with a perigee of about 950 kilometres (590 mi), an apogee of 1,005 kilometres (624 mi) and 82.9° inclination.[2] They were operated by the Russian Aerospace Defence Forces, and were used primarily for navigation, Store and forward communication, and to relay data from US-P satellites.[2] Some of the navigation functions are believed to have been superseded by the GLONASS system.[2]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Wade, Mark. "Parus". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 2012-06-03. Retrieved 2009-07-21.
- ^ a b c d Krebs, Gunter. "Parus (11F627)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2009-07-21.
- ^ McDowell, Jonathan. "Launch Log". Jonathan's Space Page. Retrieved 2009-07-21.
- ^ "Parus (11F627)". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 2017-09-22.
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