Parvularia atlantis is a filopodiated amoeba which was isolated from a lake in Atlanta and deposited in the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) under the name Nuclearia sp. ATCC 50694 on 1997 by TK Sawyer. It was classified under the genus Nuclearia and morphologically resembles to Nuclearia species, although it is smaller (the diameter of the cell body measures approximately 4 μm compared to Nuclearia species, which range between 9-60 μm). Later it was determined that it phylogenetically belongs to a new nucleariid lineage.,[1] distantly related to Nuclearia and Fonticula genera – the other two previously described nucleariid genera.
| Parvularia atlantis | |
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| Amoebal and cystic cells of Parvularia atlantis | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Class: | Cristidiscoidea |
| Order: | Nucleariida |
| Genus: | Parvularia |
| Species: | P. atlantis
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| Binomial name | |
| Parvularia atlantis López-Escardó & Torruella 2017
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Thus, Parvularia atlantis emerged as a new genus and a new species at the onset of Holomycota, which contain a set of phylogenetic and morphological characteristics that make this species unique. P. atlantis feeds on rod-shaped bacteria and present uni- or bi- nucleated cells. During its life cycle, P. atlantis can form spherical cystic cells which contain an embedded extracellular coat. P. atlantis is not the first case in which a filopodiated amoeba was misassigned to the Nuclearia genera. The amoeba Capsaspora owczarzaki was previously described as well as a Nuclearia,[2] until phylogenetic approaches placed Capsaspora outside Holomycota, within Holozoans.[3][4][5][6][7]
References
edit- ^ López-Escardó, David; López-García, Purificación; Moreira, David; Ruiz-Trillo, Iñaki; Torruella, Guifré (2017). "Parvularia atlantis gen. et sp. nov., a Nucleariid Filose Amoeba (Holomycota, Opisthokonta)". Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 65 (2): 170–179. doi:10.1111/jeu.12450. ISSN 1550-7408. PMC 5708529. PMID 28741861.
- ^ Owczarzak, A.; Stibbs, H. H.; Bayne, C. J. (1980-01-01). "The destruction of Schistosoma mansoni mother sporocysts in vitro by amoebae isolated from Biomphalaria glabrata: an ultrastructural study". Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 35 (1): 26–33. doi:10.1016/0022-2011(80)90079-8. PMID 7365267.
- ^ Zettler, Linda a. Amaral; Nerad, Thomas A.; O'kelly, Charles J.; Sogin, Mitchell L. (2001-05-01). "The Nucleariid Amoebae: More Protists at the Animal-Fungal Boundary". Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 48 (3): 293–297. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2001.tb00317.x. ISSN 1550-7408. PMID 11411837. S2CID 44548329.
- ^ Hertel, Lynn A; Bayne, Christopher J; Loker, Eric S (2002-08-01). "The symbiont Capsaspora owczarzaki, nov. gen. nov. sp., isolated from three strains of the pulmonate snail Biomphalaria glabrata is related to members of the Mesomycetozoea". International Journal for Parasitology. 32 (9): 1183–1191. doi:10.1016/S0020-7519(02)00066-8. PMID 12117501.
- ^ Medina, Mónica; Collins, Allen G.; Taylor, John W.; Valentine, James W.; Lipps, Jere H.; Amaral-Zettler, Linda; Sogin, Mitchell L. (July 2003). "Phylogeny of Opisthokonta and the evolution of multicellularity and complexity in Fungi and Metazoa". International Journal of Astrobiology. 2 (3): 203–211. Bibcode:2003IJAsB...2..203M. doi:10.1017/S1473550403001551. ISSN 1475-3006.
- ^ Ruiz-Trillo, Iñaki; Inagaki, Yuji; Davis, Lesley A.; Sperstad, Sigmund; Landfald, Bjarne; Roger, Andrew J. (2004-11-23). "Capsaspora owczarzaki is an independent opisthokont lineage". Current Biology. 14 (22): R946–R947. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.10.037. PMID 15556849.
- ^ Ruiz-Trillo, Iňaki; Lane, Christopher E.; Archibald, John M.; Roger, Andrew J. (2006-09-01). "Insights into the Evolutionary Origin and Genome Architecture of the Unicellular Opisthokonts Capsaspora owczarzaki and Sphaeroforma arctica". Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 53 (5): 379–384. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2006.00118.x. ISSN 1550-7408. PMID 16968456. S2CID 24862220.
- ^ Multicellgenome, Lab; Guifré, Torruella (2017-09-26). "Transcriptome - Parvularia atlantis (Nuclearia sp. ATCC 50694)". Figshare. doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.3898485.v4.
- ^ Mendoza, Alex de; Sebé-Pedrós, Arnau; Šestak, Martin Sebastijan; Matejčić, Marija; Torruella, Guifré; Domazet-Lošo, Tomislav; Ruiz-Trillo, Iñaki (2013-12-10). "Transcription factor evolution in eukaryotes and the assembly of the regulatory toolkit in multicellular lineages". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 110 (50): E4858–E4866. Bibcode:2013PNAS..110E4858D. doi:10.1073/pnas.1311818110. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 3864300. PMID 24277850.
- ^ Suga, Hiroshi; Torruella, Guifré; Burger, Gertraud; Brown, Matthew W.; Ruiz-Trillo, Iñaki (March 2014). "Earliest Holozoan expansion of phosphotyrosine signaling". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 31 (3): 517–528. doi:10.1093/molbev/mst241. ISSN 1537-1719. PMC 4342544. PMID 24307687.