Patel is an Indian surname or title, predominantly found in the state of Gujarat, representing the community of land-owning farmers and later (with the British East India Company) businessmen, agriculturalists and merchants. Traditionally the title is a status name referring to the village chieftains during medieval times, and was later retained as successive generations stemmed out into communities of landowners. Circa 2015 there are roughly 500,000 Patels outside India, including about 150,000 in the United Kingdom and about 150,000 in the United States. As of the 2000 U.S. Census, yearly 1 in 10 people of Indian origin in the US is a Patel.[1]
As a title
- Patel[2] is a title of the Koli caste of Gujarat in India which has the greatest importance in the Politics of Gujarat. The Koli Patels of Saurashtra benefited the most under the rule of Indian National Congress party.[3][4] Koli Patels are recognised as an Other Backward Class caste by Government of Gujarat.[5] Koli Patels are Agriculturist by profession and own the high landholding in villages.[6] Koli Patels also call themselves as Mandhata Patel and Mandhata Koli Patel and those who have migrated to East Africa are Businessman and civil servants.[7] Some of the well known Clans of Koli Patels are Chauhan, Makwana and Rathod.[8]
- Patidars of Gujarat also use the Patel title as traditionally village headmen.[9]
- Parsis, who were biggest herdsman of the village adopted the title of Patel.[10]
Etymology
The Gujarati term paṭel, along with its cognate Marathi terms pāṭel and pāṭīl, are derived from the Prakrit word paṭṭaïl(l)a- "village headman", itself derived from the Sanskrit word paṭṭakila "tenant of royal land", a term first appearing in the Vetālapañcaviṃśatikā.[12]
Geographical distribution
The surname historically originated in the Indian state of Gujarat, where it is amongst the most common of surnames.[13] Today, the name is found across India, as well as in the Indian diaspora.
In 2009, The Telegraph released a news article indicating that, in the United Kingdom, the surnames Patel and Singh now rank amongst native ones such as Smith and Jones.[14] With those who immigrated to Germany during British colonial rule in India, Gujaratis used the variation "Pätel", with an umlaut, to better integrate with German society.[15]
See also
References
- ^ Rajghatta, Chidanand (4 June 2015). "Global Gujaratis: Now in 129 nations". The Times of India.
- ^ "A community called Koli - Indian Express". archive.indianexpress.com. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
- ^ Bhatt, Himansshu; Thomas, Melvyn (23 November 2022). "Koli Patels have their say in south Gujarat". The Times of India. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
- ^ Desai, Akshayakumar Ramanlal; D'Costa, Wilfred (1994). State and Repressive Culture: A Case Study of Gujarat. New Delhi, India: Popular Prakashan. p. 12. ISBN 978-81-7154-702-9.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Baviskar, B. S.; Mathew, George (14 January 2009). Inclusion and Exclusion in Local Governance: Field Studies from Rural India. New Delhi, India: SAGE Publications India. pp. 416–17. ISBN 978-81-321-0089-8.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Baumgartner, Ruedi; Hogger, Ruedi (10 August 2004). In Search of Sustainable Livelihood Systems: Managing Resources and Change. SAGE Publishing India. ISBN 978-93-5280-266-1.
- ^ Hahlo, Ken (10 August 2018). Communities, Networks and Ethnic Politics. India: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-429-86435-3.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Perez, Rosa Maria (2004). Kings and Untouchables: A Study of the Caste System in Western India. New Delhi, India: Orient Blackswan. p. 71. ISBN 978-81-8028-014-6.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Basu, Pratyusha (2009). Villages, Women, and the Success of Dairy Cooperatives in India: Making Place for Rural Development. Cambria Press. p. 54. ISBN 978-1-60497-625-0.
- ^ "'Patel', the most common Indian surname: Oxford". The Hindu. 17 November 2016. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
- ^ Sheikh, Aziz; Gatrad, Abdul Rashid (2000). Caring for Muslim Patients. Radcliffe Publishing. p. 65. ISBN 978-1-85775-372-1.
- ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1962). A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages. Oxford University Press. p. 434.
- ^ Washburn, Edward (2005). India Old and New: With a Memorial Address. p. 178. ISBN 0-543-99414-7.
- ^ "Britain's most popular surnames: Singh and Patel catch up on Smith and Jones". The Telegraph. 24 March 2009. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
- ^ "Pätel Surname Origin, Meaning & Last Name History". forebears.io. Retrieved 11 February 2024.