Paul Karrer

Paul Karrer (21 April 1889 – 18 June 1971) was a Swiss organic chemist best known for his research on vitamins. He and Norman Haworth won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1937.

Professor Paul Karrer FRS FRSE FCS
Born	(1889-04-21)21 April 1889 Moscow, Russia
Died	18 June 1971(1971-06-18) (aged 82) Zürich, Switzerland
Nationality	Swiss
Alma mater	Old Cantonal School Aarau (Matura) University of Zurich (PhD)
Known for	Vitamins
Awards	Marcel Benoist Prize (1922) Nobel Prize for Chemistry (1937)
Scientific career
Fields	Chemistry
Institutions	University of Zurich

Biography

Early years

Karrer was born in Moscow, Russia to Paul Karrer and Julie Lerch, both Swiss nationals. In 1892 Karrer's family returned to Switzerland where he was educated at Wildegg and at the Old Cantonal School Aarau where he matriculated in 1908. He studied chemistry at the University of Zurich under Alfred Werner and after gaining his Ph.D. in 1911, he spent a further year as an assistant in the Chemical Institute. He then took a post as a chemist with Paul Ehrlich at the Georg Speyer Haus, Frankfurt-am-Main. In 1919 he became Professor of Chemistry and Director of the Chemical Institute.

Research

Karrer's early research concerned complex metal compounds but his most important work has concerned plant pigments, particularly the yellow carotenoids. He elucidated their chemical structure and showed that some of these substances are transformed in the body into vitamin A. His work led to the establishment of the correct constitutional formula for beta-carotene, the chief precursor of vitamin A; the first time that the structure of a vitamin or provitamin had been established. George Wald worked briefly in Karrer's lab while studying the role of vitamin A in the retina. Later, Karrer confirmed the structure of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and extended his researches into the vitamin B₂ and E. His important contributions to the chemistry of the flavins led to the identification of lactoflavin as part of the complex originally thought to be vitamin B₂.

Karrer published many papers and received many honours and awards, including the Nobel Prize in 1937. His textbook Lehrbuch der Organischen Chemie (Textbook of Organic Chemistry) was published in 1927, went through thirteen editions, and was published in seven languages.

Personal life

Karrer married Helena Froelich in 1914 and had three sons, one of whom died in infancy. He died on 18 June 1971, at the age of 82 in Zürich. His wife died in 1972.

Legacy

The prestigious Paul Karrer Gold Medal and lecture were established in his honour in 1959 by a group of leading companies such as CIBA AG, J.R. Geigy, F. Hoffmann-La Roche & Co. AG, Sandoz AG, Société des Produits Nestlé AG and Dr. A. Wander AG. It is awarded annually or biannually to an outstanding chemist who delivers a lecture at the University of Zurich.

The Paul Karrer Lecture Foundation is based at the Chemistry Institute of the University of Zurich at Rämistrasse 71, in Zürich.

References

Sources

• Shampo; Kyle, RA (2000). "Paul Karrer—research on vitamins". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 75 (4): 328. doi:10.4065/75.4.328. PMID 10761480.
• Isler (1978). "Paul Karrer, 21 April 1889—18 June 1971". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 24: 245–321. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1978.0009. PMID 11615740. S2CID 7389730.
• Schmid (1972). "Paul Karrer, 1889–1971". Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften. 28 (5): 367–70. PMID 4566692.
• Roche (1972). "Paul Karrer (1889–1971)". Bulletin de l'Académie Nationale de Médecine. 156 (4): 89–92. PMID 4565808.
• Karrer; Viscontini, M; Hochreuter, R (1953). "Crystallized 3-carboxamide-N1-D-ribosidopyridinium bromide and related compounds". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 12 (1–2): 51–5. doi:10.1016/0006-3002(53)90122-x. PMID 13115412.

Notes

External links

• Paul Karrer on Nobelprize.org including the Nobel Lecture, 11 December 1937 Carotenoids, Flavins and Vitamin A and B₂