Paul Schwarzkopf (13 April 1886 – 27 December 1970) was an Austrian inventor and industrialist. Schwarzkopf is also credited with pioneering powder metallurgy.
Paul Schwarzkopf | |
|---|---|
 A portrait of Paul Schwarzkopf | |
| Born | 13 April 1886 |
| Died | 27 December 1970 (aged 84) |
| Known for | Plansee Group |
| Spouse | Emma Sophia Gebauer
Maria Mondini (m. 1930) |
| Honours | Wilhelm Exner Medal |
Career
editAfter studying technical sciences in Prague (where he also became active with the Corps Austria, but later left) and Berlin, Schwarzkopf succeeded in inventing the drawn tungsten filament in 1911 in the Italian light bulb factory Lampada Zeta in Alpignano near Turin.[1][2] This ductile thread was industrially manufactured in 1913 in a company founded by Schwarzkopf and his partner Karl Chvalov in Berlin.[3] During World War I, Schwarzkopf first served in a Bohemian regiment, then went to the reserve officer school in Innsbruck in Tyrol, and then to the southern front.
From 1909, he was a partner in the Deutsche Filament Factory in Berlin.[4][5] In 1920, with his friend Richard Kurtz, he founded the Naamlooze Vennootschap Vereenigte Draadfabricken (NVVD) in Nijmegen, Netherlands for the production of tungsten wire. Thanks to the Reutte lawyer Hermann Stern, in 1922, he persuaded Schwarzkopf to establish the Plansee metal works.[6][7]
After the Anschluss, his assets were confiscated by the National Socialists, and the Planssee company was aryanized and the ownership was given to Deutsche Edelstahlwerke (DEW).[8][9] Since he was a Jew, according to the Nuremberg Laws, he had to immigrate together with his family and moved to the USA.[3] In 1947, he and his family returned to Austria and filed a restitution request for the company as well as claims for compensation for the stolen private properties, which was granted in 1952.[10]
Personal life
editHe married Emma Sophia Gebauer and bore a son, Wilhelm (1907–1954) and son, Hans Heinrich (1913-1991). In 1930, he also married Maria Mondini and they gave birth to a son, Walter Max (1931–1978).[11]
Schwarzkopf died in his home in Reutte in 1970.[10]
Honors
edit- In 1955, he received the Wilhelm Exner Medal.[citation needed]
- In 1956, he was appointed honorary senator of the University of Innsbruck.[12]
References
edit- ^ "Comprehensive Hard Materials volume 1 Hardmetals [1, 1 ed.] 978-0-444-63385-9". ebin.pub. Retrieved 2022-05-18.
- ^ Mari, Daniele; Miguel, Luis; Nebel, Christoph (2014-02-01). Comprehensive Hard Materials. Newnes. ISBN 978-0-08-096528-4.
- ^ a b "Schwarzkopf, Paul". Austria-Forum (in German). Retrieved 2022-05-18.
- ^ "Firmenjubiläum: Vor 100 Jahren wurden die Planseewerke gegründet". MeinBezirk.at (in German). Retrieved 2022-05-18.
- ^ "Von Berlin nach Tirol und in die Welt | Plansee". www.plansee.com (in German). Retrieved 2022-05-18.
- ^ "Plansee Group | Plansee". www.plansee.com (in German). Retrieved 2022-05-18.
- ^ Lipp, Richard (2009). Reutte und Breitenwang (in German). Sutton Verlag GmbH. ISBN 978-3-86680-498-2.
- ^ "Plansee S. E. - Our History". www.indiamart.com. Retrieved 2022-05-18.
- ^ Schreiber, Horst (2018-03-27). 1938 - Der Anschluss in den Bezirken Tirols (in German). StudienVerlag. ISBN 978-3-7065-5902-7.
- ^ a b Biographie, Deutsche. "Schwarzkopf, Paul - Deutsche Biographie". www.deutsche-biographie.de (in German). Retrieved 2022-05-18.
- ^ "Familienblatt von Paul Schwarzkopf/Maria Mondini (F2550) verh. 1930 : JMH Genealogy". www.hohenemsgenealogie.at. Retrieved 2022-05-18.
- ^ "PLANSEE - International Nuclear Information System (INIS)" (PDF).