Pekasam (Jawi: ڤكاسم), Pakasam or Bekasam is a Malay term for fermented food, more precisely fermented fish product.[1][3] In Malay and Banjar cookery, pekasam usually refers to freshwater fish fermented with salt, palm sugar, toasted rice grains and pieces of asam gelugur.[2]
 Iwak pakasam basanga a dish of fried pekasam fish, a Banjar dish of South Kalimantan, Indonesia | |
| Course | Main course |
|---|---|
| Place of origin | Indonesia[1] and Malaysia[2] |
| Region or state | Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, Kalimantan |
Distribution
editPekasam fish fermentation technique is widely distributed in Malay Archipelago; more precisely in Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, and Borneo.
Pekasam or Bekasam is widely distributed in Indonesia, especially in Gayo highlands in Aceh,[4] Riau,[5] South Sumatra,[6] Kapuas Hulu in West Kalimantan,[7] Banjarmasin in South Kalimantan, and Cirebon in West Java.[8]
In Malaysia, the production of pekasam is concentrated at the northern end of the Malaysian peninsula in states such as Perlis, Kedah, Perak, and the Bornean state of Sarawak.[9] In Malaysia, pekasam is the only fermented fish product that uses freshwater fish as the raw material, while in Indonesia, pekasam can be made of both freshwater fish or seafood. Thin beef strips is also used to make pekasam instead of fish in Malaysia. Chicken, mutton and squid eggs are also available as pekasam. Unlike fish pekasam, these variants are frozen after preparation and can last up to six months.
Etymology
editIn Malay language, the term asam means "sour", which suggests the fermentation process that produces sour flavour. Pekasam tastes sour and mostly contain lactic acid bacteria.[1] In most parts of Indonesia and Malaysia, pekasam refer to fermented fish. However in Aceh, northern tip of Sumatra, pekasam refer to fermented durian or tempoyak.[10]
As a preservation method
editIn Indonesia, pekasam as fish preservation method is quite widely distributed, especially in Sumatra, Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo), and some parts of Java. The process of making fish pekasam or pickled fish takes more than a month. Initially, the fish meat used for the fish stock was preserved in the terracotta jar, mixed with salt, sugar and rice. The type of fish used in Cirebon pekasam is sailfish. In Cirebon, West Java, Pekasam or Bekasem is a special food prepared and consumed for Mawlid.[8]
As a dish
editIn Indonesia, making pekasam is a tradition in Banjarese of South Kalimantan.[11][12] The term pekasam often added to a dish that uses pekasam fish as its main ingredients; such iwak pakasam basanga; a dish of fried pekasam fish, a Banjar dish of South Kalimantan.
In Malaysia pekasam is usually consumed deep-fried or prepared as a side dish that goes well with rice.
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ a b c Desniar Choesri; Iman Rusmana; Antonius Suwanto; Nisa Rachmania Mubarik (June 2013). "Characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from an Indonesian fermented fish (bekasam) and their antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria". Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture. 25 (6).
- ^ a b Mahyudin, Nor Ainy; Ibadullah, Wan Zunairah Wan; Saadin, Amar (2015-12-20). "Effects of Protein Content in Selected Fish Towards the Production of Lactic Acid Bacteria (Lactobacillus Spp.) During the Production of Pekasam". Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal. 3 (3): 219–223. doi:10.12944/CRNFSJ.3.3.05.
- ^ Hassan, Zaiton (1980). "Pekasam - a fermented fish product in Peninsular Malaysia". AGRIS.
- ^ Sy, Zulfikar (2018-10-30). "Depik Pekasam Produk Fermentasi Khas Suku Gayo". MerahPutih. Retrieved 2020-09-14.
- ^ "Dosen Umri Dampingi Nelayan Pangkalan Serai Kampar Optimalkan Produk Ikan Tangkapan Jadi Pekasam Kemasan". GoRiau.com (in Indonesian). 2018-09-30. Retrieved 2020-09-14.
- ^ "Cerita Ika Populerkan Makanan Khas Sumsel Bekasam dan Rusip Dikirim hingga ke Luar Kota". Sriwijaya Post (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2020-09-14.
- ^ "Berawal Dari Temet, Owner Temet Kak Mey Ingin Kenalkan Kuliner Asli Kapuas Hulu". Tribun Pontianak (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2020-09-14.
- ^ a b Wamad, Sudirman. "Pekasam Ikan, Makanan Wali Songo yang Hadir Tiap Maulid Nabi di Cirebon". detikfood (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2020-09-14.
- ^ Huda, Nurul (2012). "Malaysian Fermented Fish Products". Handbook of Animal-Based Fermented Food and Beverage Technology, Second Edition. pp. 709–716. doi:10.1201/b12084-46. ISBN 978-1-4398-5022-0.
- ^ Fimela.com (2017-07-12). "Tempoyak, Fermentasi Durian Beraroma Menyengat Rasa Nikmat". fimela.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2020-09-13.
- ^ "KalselPedia - Pakasam atau Iwak Samu, Ikan Fermentasi Khas Hulu Sungai Tengah, Ini Cara Mengolahnya". Banjarmasin Post (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2020-09-13.
- ^ Pemkab Hulu Sungai Tengah - PAKASAM MASUK INTERNATIONAL FOOD EXPO