Penelope Carwardine (1729–1804; married name Penelope Butler) was an English miniature painter.
Life
editPenelope Carwardine was baptised on 29 April 1729 at Withington, Herefordshire, England.[1] She was one of eight children born to John Carwardine of Thinghills Court and his wife, Anne Bullock of Preston Wynn.[1] With her father having ruined the family estates, Carwardine took to miniature painting to generate an income for the family.[2] According to the Dictionary of National Biography and other sources, she was instructed by Ozias Humphrey, and mastered the art in 1754.[2] However, Humphrey was not born until 1742, so there is a possibility that Carwardine was teaching Humphrey and the information was muddled over time.[3] Her mother was also a miniature painter, and the two of them exhibited miniatures at the Incorporated Society of Artists in London in 1761 and 1762 under the name "Mrs Thomas Carwardine (Anne)."[1] Carwardine went on to exhibit there in 1771 and 1772.[4] On 26 May 1773, she married James Butler, the organist at the Church of St. Margaret's, Westminster, at the Church of St. James Piccadilly in London.[1]
Carwardine belonged to the Modest School of English miniaturists, a group that also included Peter Paul Lens and Gervase Spencer.[1] The majority of her miniatures date between 1750 and 1785–90 and are usually signed PC.[1]
Carwardine died on 14 October 1805 and was buried at Preston Wynne, Herefordshire.[1]
She was a close friend of both Joshua Reynolds and Frances Reynolds; and among Sir Joshua's works is a portrait of one of her sisters, painted by him as a present for her. Many of her miniatures remained in the possession of her family as of 1887, together with three portraits of Carwardine: one by Thomas Bardwell, 1750; one by a Chinese artist, about 1756; the third by George Romney, about 1790.[5]
Notes
edit- ^ a b c d e f g Aronson, Julie Mitarb. Wieseman, Marjorie E. 1958- Mitarb. (2006). Perfect likeness European and American portrait miniatures from the Cincinnati Art Museum. [Publ. in conjunction with an exhibition organized by Cincinnati Art Museum. Cincinnati Art Museum, Cincinnati, Ohio. 4 March - 28 May 2006. Columbia Museum of Art, Columbia, South Carolina. 18 Aug. - 22 Oct. 2006]. Yale Univ. Pr. ISBN 0-300-11580-6. OCLC 1074329018.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ a b Humphreys, Jennett. 'Carwardine , Penelope (1729–c.1801)', rev. Emma Rutherford, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 11 May 2016
- ^ "Penelope Carwardine | James Boswell .info". www.jamesboswell.info. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
- ^ Algernon Verfasser Graves (1969). The Society of Artists of Great Britain 1760-1791, the Free Society of Artists 1761-1783 a complete dictionary of contributors and their work from the foundation of the societies to 1791. Kingsmead Reprints. OCLC 1071280566.
{{cite book}}:|author=has generic name (help) - ^ Humphreys 1887, p. 239.
References
edit
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Humphreys, Jennett (1887). "Carwardine, Penelope". In Stephen, Leslie (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 9. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 239.
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