Pengiran Muhammad Ali bin Pengiran Haji Muhammad Daud[1] (4 October 1916 – 16 June 2005), commonly known as Pengiran Ali, was a Bruneian nobleman, teacher, and politician. He served as the first Deputy Menteri Besar from 1962 to 1965 and was a member of the Legislative, Executive, and Privy Councils. Pengiran Ali played a pivotal role in Brunei's history, particularly during the 1950s and 1960s. He was the first of the "three M's" feared by the British government, alongside Pengiran Muhammad Yusuf and Marsal Maun.[2] He was also the father-in-law of Princess Amal Nasibah, daughter of Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III.[3]
Pengiran Muhammad Ali ڤڠيرن محمد علي | |
|---|---|
 Pengiran Muhammad Ali in c. 1965 | |
| 1st Deputy Menteri Besar of Brunei | |
| In office 23 September 1962 – 1965 | |
| Monarch | Omar Ali Saifuddien III |
| Menteri Besar | Marsal Maun |
| Preceded by | Office established |
| Succeeded by | Isa Ibrahim |
| 2nd Speaker of the Legislative Council of Brunei | |
| In office March 1962 – September 1962 | |
| Menteri Besar | Marsal Maun |
| Preceded by | Pengiran Abu Bakar |
| Succeeded by | Ibrahim Mohammad Jahfar |
| 1st State Religious Affairs Officer | |
| In office 1 May 1960 – August 1962 | |
| Preceded by | Office established |
| Succeeded by | Pengiran Anak Kemaluddin |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 4 October 1916 Kampong Pengiran Pemancha Lama, Kampong Ayer, Brunei |
| Died | 16 June 2005 (aged 89) Kampong Madewa, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei |
| Political party | PAKAR (1965–1966) BAKER (1966–1969) |
| Spouse |
Hajah Nahriah (m. 1971) |
| Children | 5; including Pengiran Haji Kamarulzaman |
| Alma mater | Sultan Idris Teachers' College |
| Occupation |
|
Early life and education
editPengiran Ali was born on 6 July 1916 in Brunei Town's Kampong Pengiran Pemancha Lama. The Jalan Pemancha Malay School was where he received his early schooling, completing his five years of education from 1925 to 1930,[4] and as of 8 February 1933, he was employed as a student teacher.[2] He departed in 1937 to pursue his studies at SITC and finished his teacher preparation in 1939.[5] He is also the founder of Persatuan Guru-Guru Melayu Brunei (PGGMB) which was established in 1939.[2] He was also a driving force behind the founding of the PGGMB Cooperative Society (Syarikat Kerjasama dan Bantu-Membantu PGGMB), which is still in operation as of 2005.[6] Pengiran Ali, like many notable individuals in Brunei after the Second World War, was a teacher who attended the Sultan Idris Teachers' College (SITC) in Malaya. He was hired as a group instructor when he got back to Brunei, and he retained that post during the Japanese occupation in 1943.[2]
Career
editPengiran Ali was a prominent member of the Persatuan Guru-Guru Melayu Brunei (PGGMB) and was not active in Barisan Pemuda (BARIP) activities. In 1953, he was nominated to the Constitutional Advisory Committee (also known as the Tujuh Serangkai),[4][7] and was a close friend of Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III. The committee offered suggestions for constitutional advancement in the sultanate, crucial in securing Brunei's nationalist objectives. In 1954, he visited Malaya to observe the progress of the constitution of the Malay state and in 1955 he went to London to observe how to develop education in the United Kingdom.[8]
Pengiran Ali held the positions of chairman of the Brunei Town District Advisory Council (DAC) and observer on the State Council between 1954 and 1957.[6] From November 1954 to January 1957, he attended the Legislative Council as an observer on behalf of that DAC.[2] At the same time being a member of the Legislative Council in 1957, he was the inspector of Malay schools who has worked together with his colleague Marsal Maun to develop Malay education on Brunei.[6] Pengiran Ali was one of the key players in the redrafting of the 1905–1906 Supplementary Treaty and the Brunei Constitution during the 1959 Brunei Negotiations.[7][2][6] The Department of Religious Affairs was created on 29 September 1959, with Pengiran Ali as its new leader,[9] in addition to serving as the Brunei Islamic Religious Council's (MUIB) acting head following the adoption of the 1959 Constitution.[2] Between March 1962 until September 1962, he served as Speaker of the Legislative Council.[4] He became an unofficial member to Legislative and Executive Councils from March 1962 to September 1962.[5]
On 29 July 1961, the Standing Advisory Council on Defence convened. This body was established under the 1959 Brunei Agreement to address issues related to internal security. The British high commissioner, the chief police officer, the officer-in-charge of the Special Branch, and the Menteri Besar of Brunei made up its membership. The Sultan served as its chairman. However, Menteri Besar Ibrahim Mohammad Jahfar was absent due to illness. In his stead, the Sultan appointed two of his closest advisors: Pengiran Ali, the head of the department in charge of religious affairs, and Marsal Maun as acting Menteri Besar.[10]
Pengiran Ali was named Deputy Menteri Besar of Brunei on 23 September 1962,[11] and resigned in 1965 to run in a by-election.[2] At this time he was granted 436 days of leave, before retiring. The Brunei revolt of December 1962, the ambiguity surrounding the creation of Malaysia, and the issues brought on by Konfrontasi all occurred during this tumultuous period. He returned to politics after leaving the administration, though not totally successfully. Despite this, he started off well, earning a seat on the Brunei–Muara District Council in a by-election on 23 October 1965.[6]
After the elections in December 1965, he founded the Partai Kemajuan Rakyat (PAKAR) political party, to push for the establishment of parliamentary governance and independence. On 31 July 1966, he was elected chairman of Barisan Kemerdekaan Rakyat (BAKER), a merger of four political parties which included PAKAR and Barisan Rakyat Brunei (BARA); in 1968, he lost a by-election.[4] He ran in a Legislative Council by-election in Temburong District on 8 January 1968, but lost narrowly, and again in April 1969. Considering politics to be a horrible lot, Pengiran Ali went into business later on.[6]
Later life and death
editIn his later life, Pengiran Ali married Hajah Nahriah around 1971,[12] and they had several children, including Pengiran Kerma Raja Pengiran Haji Kamarulzaman,[13] who married Princess Amal Nasibah on 19 July 1979.[3] By the mid-1990s, Pengiran Ali served as the chairman of Swee Sendirian Berhad.[14] He passed away on 16 June 2005 at the age of 89.[5] His burial took place the same day at his home in Kampong Madewa, attended by Prince Mohamed Bolkiah, who was serving as the Deputy Sultan. In honour of his passing, the national flag was flown at half-mast by the Sultan's order.[6]
Titles, styles and honours
editTitles and styles
editPengiran Ali was bestowed by the Sultan the Cheteria title of Pengiran Pekerma Setia Diraja Shahibul Bandar on 19 April 1975,[15] using the Yang Amat Mulia honorific.[6]
Honours
edit
Pengiran Ali has earned the following honours;[5]
Order of Setia Negara Brunei Second Class (DSNB; 1960) – Dato Setia[4]
Order of Seri Paduka Mahkota Brunei First Class (SPMB; 23 September 1963) – Dato Seri Paduka[16]- Order of Seri Paduka Mahkota Brunei Third Class (SMB; 23 September 1958)[17]
Order of Paduka Seri Laila Jasa First Class (PSLJ; 1976) – Dato Paduka Seri Laila Jasa
Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Medal (PHBS; 1975)
Omar Ali Saifuddin Medal (POAS; 1961)
Meritorius Service Medal (PJK; 23 September 1959)[18]
Long Service Medal (PKL; 1956)
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Awards
editPengiran Ali has earned the following awards;[5]
- Pingat Guru Berjasa
- Tokoh Guru Berbakti (1994)
- Anugerah Jasawan Agama (8 May 1997)
Things named after him
edit- Pengiran Pekerma Setia Diraja Sahibul Bandar Primary School, is a school in Kampong Perpindahan Mata-Mata.[19]
References
editCitations
edit- ^ Pehin Orang Kaya Amar Diraja Dato Seri Utama Haji Awang 2010, pp. 3.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Hussainmiya 2000, pp. 321–350.
- ^ a b "Kerajaan Baginda Akan Terus Memberi Kemudahan" (PDF). Pelita Brunei. 18 July 1979. pp. 1, 6 and 7. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
- ^ a b c d e Mohamad Yusop Damit 1995, p. 406–407.
- ^ a b c d e Haji Abdul Rahman 2005, pp. 16.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Horton 2005, pp. 16–29.
- ^ a b Haji Mohamad & Abdul Rahman 2021, pp. 36–37.
- ^ "Rengkasan Jawatan Ahli2" (PDF). Pelita Brunei. 4 March 1959. p. 5. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- ^ "Sejarah Ringkas". Jabatan Adat Istiadat Negara (in Malay). Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- ^ Mohamad Yusop Damit 1995, p. 297.
- ^ Mohamad Yusop Damit 1995, p. 328.
- ^ Pehin Orang Kaya Amar Diraja Dato Seri Utama Haji Awang 1971, pp. 79.
- ^ "PENGIRAN KERMA RAJA" (PDF). Asia Inc Forum. Retrieved 14 October 2024.
- ^ Asgar 1996, pp. 1, 16.
- ^ "Pendekatan Mengenai Istiadat Mengurniakan Gelaran Di Negara Brunei Darussalam" (PDF). Pelita Brunei (in Malay). 14 July 2004. p. 11. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
- ^ "D.Y.M.M. Mengurniakan Bintang2 Kehormatan Dan Pingat2 Pada Ari Jadi Baginda" (PDF). Pelita Brunei. 2 October 1963. p. 2. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- ^ "Raja-Raja Dan Pembesar2 Tanah Melayu Mendapat Pingat Kehormatan" (PDF). Pelita Brunei. 1 October 1958. p. 4. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
- ^ "65 DAPAT BINTANG DAN PINGAT HARI" (PDF). Pelita Brunei (in Malay). 7 October 1959. p. 1. Retrieved 14 August 2024.
- ^ Mukim Gadong 'B' (PDF) (in Malay). Unit Penerbitan Melayu, Bahagian Penerbitan dan Seni Grafik, Jabatan Penerangan, Jabatan Perdana Menteri. pp. 52–57.
Bibliography
edit- Pehin Orang Kaya Amar Diraja Dato Seri Utama Haji Awang, Mohd Jamil Al-Sufri (2010). Royal Poet Al-marhum Sultan Haji Omar 'Ali Saifuddien Sa'adul Khairi Waddien. Bandar Seri Begawan: Brunei History Centre, Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports. ISBN 978-99917-34-74-3.
- Pehin Orang Kaya Amar Diraja Dato Seri Utama Haji Awang, Mohd Jamil Al-Sufri (1971). Chatatan sejarah perwira2 dan pembesar2 Brunei (in Malay). Bandar Seri Begawan: Language and Literature Bureau, Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports.
- Mohamad Yusop Damit (1995). Brunei Darussalam 1944-1962: Constitutional and Political Development in a Malay-Muslim Sultanate. University of London 1995.
- Hussainmiya, B. A. (2000). ""Manufacturing Consensus": The Role of the State Council in Brunei Darussalam". Journal of Southeast Asian Studies. 31 (2): 321–350. doi:10.1017/S0022463400017586. ISSN 1474-0680. S2CID 154624298.
- Horton, A. V. M. (1 January 2005). "Negara Brunei Darussalam: obituaries 2005". Borneo Research Bulletin. 36: 16–29.
- Haji Mohamad, Siti Nor Anis Nadiah; Abdul Rahman, Mariam (15 November 2021). "Penggubalan Perlembagaan Negeri Brunei 1959: Satu Sorotan Sejarah" [Drafting of The Brunei Constitutions of 1959: A Historical Review]. The Sultan Alauddin Sulaiman Shah Journal. 8 (2): 36–37. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
- Haji Abdul Rahman, Abu Bakar (16 June 2005). "Seorang pembesar negara kembali ke rahmahtullah" (PDF). Pelita Brunei (in Malay). p. 16. Retrieved 10 October 2024.
- Asgar, Abdullah (31 January 1996). "Industri pembinaan diseru perkenalkan kualiti pengurusan ISO 9000" (PDF). Pelita Brunei (in Malay). pp. 1 and 16. Retrieved 28 June 2024.