Penion maximus is a species of very large predatory sea snail or whelk, commonly known as giant whelk or great whelk, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Austrosiphonidae.[1]
| Penion maximus | |
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| A shell of Penion maximus | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Austrosiphonidae |
| Genus: | Penion |
| Species: | P. maximus
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| Binomial name | |
| Penion maximus (Tryon, G.W., 1881)
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Description
editPenion maximus is the largest species of Penion siphon whelk, and is endemic to Australia.[2][3] The species could be confused with the sympatric species P. mandarinus, however P. mandarinus is typically smaller and has a smoother shell with a shorter siphonal canal.[2] Their shells are highly coveted due to the intricate designs embedded in onto the shells.
Distribution
editThe range of the species extends from waters off Tasmania and Victoria to lower Queensland.[2][3]
Evolution
editPenion maximus is closely related to another Australian species P. mandarinus.[3][4] The species have overlapping geographic ranges (sympatry) and may have evolved from a common ancestor via niche differentiation based on prey size and water depth.[4]
References
edit- ^ Kantor, Yuri I.; Fedosov, Alexander E.; Kosyan, Alisa R.; Puillandre, Nicolas; Sorokin, Pavel A.; Kano, Yasunori; Clark, Roger; Bouchet, Philippe (2022). "Molecular phylogeny and revised classification of the Buccinoidea (Neogastropoda)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 194 (3): 789–857. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab031.
- ^ a b c Ponder, W.F. (1973). "A review of the Australian species of Penion Fischer (Neogastropoda: Buccinidae)". Journal of the Malacological Society of Australia. 2 (4): 401–428. doi:10.1080/00852988.1973.10673868.
- ^ a b c Vaux, Felix; Hills, Simon F.K.; Marshall, Bruce A.; Trewick, Steven A.; Morgan-Richards, Mary (2017). "A phylogeny of Southern Hemisphere whelks (Gastropoda: Buccinulidae) and concordance with the fossil record". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 114 (2017): 367–381. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.06.018. PMID 28669812.
- ^ a b Vaux, Felix; Crampton, James S.C.; Trewick, Steven A.; Marshall, Bruce A.; Beu, Alan G.; Hills, Simon F.K.; Morgan-Richards, Mary (2018). "Evolutionary lineages of marine snails identified using molecular phylogenetics and geometric morphometric analysis of shells". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 127 (October 2018): 626–637. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2018.06.009. PMID 29913310. S2CID 49303166.
External links
edit- Molluscs of Tasmania: Buccinidae - Siphonaliinae: Penion maximus (Tryon, 1881) ('great whelk')
- Seashells of New South Wales: Penion maximus (Tryon, 1881)
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