Penstemon caesius, commonly known as the San Bernardino penstemon, is a low growing species of flowering plant. It is endemic to California, where it is known from the San Bernardino and San Gabriel Mountains, as well as the southern mountains of the Sierra Nevada. It is a member of the flora on rocky slopes and in coniferous forests and alpine habitat in the mountains.
| Penstemon caesius | |
|---|---|
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| In Sequoia & Kings Canyon National Parks | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Plantaginaceae |
| Genus: | Penstemon |
| Species: | P. caesius
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| Binomial name | |
| Penstemon caesius | |
Description
editIt is a perennial plant with erect flowering stems, ones that grow more or less straight upwards from the base of the plant, that may be as much as 45 centimeters in height, but are more often 14 to 30 cm tall.[2] It is a subshrub, a plant that is partially woody, with low, scrambling, or creeping branches at the base of the plant.[3] The stems are hairless and sometimes waxy, but the inflorescence is covered in glandular hairs.[2]
Most of the leaves are basal on the plant and are wide obovate, teardrop shaped narrow towards the base, to round in shape, with smooth edges.[3] They are usually 1.5 to 5 centimeters long, but occasionally may be as little as 7 millimeters. They can be as narrow as 4 millimeters, but more frequently are 0.7 to 2 centimeters wide.[2]
The inflorescence produces purple-blue tubular flowers roughly 2 centimeters long. The flower has a glandular outer surface, a coat of hairs inside, and a hairless staminode.[3] The flowers of this penstemon are pollinated by bees of genus Osmia, which feed on their nectar.[4]
Taxonomy
editPenstemon caesius was scientifically described and named by Asa Gray in 1883.[5]
Names
editPenstemon caesius is known by the common names of San Bernardino penstemon or San Bernardino beardtongue.[6][2]
Range and habitat
editThe San Bernardino penstemon is endemic to the state of California. There it can be found in the San Bernardino Mountains and San Gabriel Mountains north of Los Angeles. It also grows in higher parts of the Sierra Nevada.[3] It is documented in Los Angeles, San Bernardino, and Kern counties to the south and Fresno, Inyo, and Tulare counties to the north.[2] The elevation range for the species is 1800 to 3400 meters.[3]
It can be found in open coniferous coniferous forests as well as open habitats above timberline on treeless rocky ridges.[3]
Conservation
editThe conservation non-profit NatureServe has evaluated Penstemon caesius as vulnerable (G3) at the global level. However, this status has not been reviewed since 1998.[1]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b NatureServe (2024). "Penstemon caesius". Arlington, Virginia. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
- ^ a b c d e Freeman, Craig C. (29 July 2020) [2019]. "Penstemon caesius". Flora of North America. p. 232. ISBN 978-0190868512. OCLC 1101573420. Archived from the original on 17 August 2024. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f Wetherwax, Margriet; Holmgren, Noel H. (2012). "Penstemon caesius". Jepson eFlora. University of California, Berkley. Archived from the original on 12 June 2024. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
- ^ Howell, A. D. & R. Alarcón. (2007). Osmia bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) can detect nectar-rewarding flowers using olfactory cues. Animal Behaviour 74:2 199-205.
- ^ "Penstemon caesius A.Gray". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
- ^ McMinn, Howard E. (1970). An Illustrated Manual of California Shrubs (First American ed.). Berkely, California: University of California Press. p. 515. ISBN 978-0-520-00847-2. OCLC 4444333.
External links
edit- Penstemon caesius in the CalPhotos photo database, University of California, Berkeley