Wikipedia

Peru at the FIFA World Cup

Peru participated in the World Cup during the first World Cup in 1930 and has participated in qualifiers since 1958.

Peru were invited to the first FIFA World Cup in Uruguay in 1930. They lost both of their games and finished 10th out of 13 teams. The team either withdrew or did not enter the next four tournaments, in 1934, 1938, 1950, and 1954. Peru participated but did not qualify in 1958, 1962, or 1966.

Peru had its best result in Mexico 1970, finishing in seventh place. Peru again finished in the top eight at the World Cup in Argentina 1978. They finished first in their group during the first round of the tournament, but were eliminated after losing all their games in the second round. Peru reached the next World Cup finals in Spain 1982, although the team was eliminated in the first round after 2 draws and 1 loss. From 1986 to 2014, Peru did not advance past the CONMEBOL qualifying round.

After finishing fifth in CONMEBOL qualifying, Peru reached the 2018 finals by defeating New Zealand in an intercontinental play-off. Peru did not make it past the group stage in 2018, winning one match and losing two.

Peru finished fifth again in 2022 qualification and returned to the intercontinental play-off, this time as a one-off match against Australia. However, Peru would lose the match on penalties, 5–4, thus failing to qualify for Group D of the 2022 FIFA World Cup.

History

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Finals

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As one of the 13 national sides that accepted the invitation to the inaugural World Cup, Peru was placed in Group 3 with Romania and hosts Uruguay.[1] With a mere 300 spectators, Peru's match against Romania holds the record of lowest attendance in a World Cup game.[2] Peru lost (1–3) in a violent game where, in the second half, a fight broke out and a Peruvian became the first player sent off in a World Cup.[A] A few days later, Peru and Uruguay played the inaugural match in the Estadio Centenario in Montevideo. The Peruvians were lauded by the spectators for their defense and the impressive ability of forward José María Lavalle. Peru lost (0-1) to the eventual champions, who defeated their subsequent opponents by scoring at least 4 goals per game.[1]

The Peruvian squad next qualified for the Mexico 1970 World Cup, where they were placed in Group 4 with West Germany, Bulgaria, and Morocco.[5] Playing their first game two days after the 1970 Ancash earthquake, the team quickly conceded two goals to Bulgaria. However, as Brian Glanville stated, "the elusive dribbling of Cubillas, the powerful breaks from the back four of Héctor Chumpitaz, the running of [Hugo] Sotil and [Alberto] Gallardo, turned the tide." Peru eventually won 3–2.[6] After defeating Morocco (3–0) and losing to West Germany (1–3), the team finished second in the group and advanced to the quarterfinals.[5] Facing Rivellino, Tostão, Jairzinho and Pelé, Peru was beaten by Brazil (2–4) in "a spectacular and effervescent game, a game in which both sides delighted in attack and scorned caution,"[7] and where both teams displayed "a feast of open play and goals."[8]

In the Argentina 1978 World Cup, Peru was placed in Group 4 with Scotland, Iran, and the Netherlands.[9] With a midfield identified "as the best in the world" by Argentine sports magazine El Gráfico,[10] Peru advanced to the second round as group leaders after defeating Scotland (3–1), drawing with the Netherlands (0–0), and beating Iran (4–1).[11] The second round was divided into two groups, and Peru's results placed it in Group B with Poland, Brazil, and Argentina. After losing to Brazil (0–3) and Poland (0–1), Peru was practically out of contention despite having one more game to play against Argentina.[12] This last match proved controversial because the Peruvians lost by a margin (0–6) that allowed Argentina to reach the final instead of Brazil. Rumors circulated that the match had been fixed,[B] but nothing was ever proven.[14]

Peru participated in the Spain 1982 World Cup as part of Group 1 with Italy, Poland, and Cameroon.[15] Prior to the competition, Peru embarked on a practice tour that included victories against Hungary (1–2) in Budapest and France (0–1) in Paris, a tie with Algeria (1–1) in Algiers, and, upon returning home, a victory over Romania (2–0). In the World Cup finals, Peru's opening match against Cameroon ended in a scoreless draw. Against Italy, Peru "put on a mix of solid defending and spectacular attacking" that resulted in a draw (1–1) against the eventual champions.[16] Peru only needed another draw to advance in the tournament, and it managed to maintain a scoreless first half against Poland, but a "mixup in the midfield" and a "tired defense" during the second half led to Peru's defeat (1–5) and early elimination.[17]

Peru would next participate at a World Cup in Russia in 2018, 36 years after their last appearance. On 16 June 2018 they lost 0–1 against Denmark, with a goal scored by Yussuf Poulsen;[18] on 21 June they lost 0–1 against France, with a goal scored by Kylian Mbappé;[19] and on 26 June they defeated Australia 2–0,[20] with goals scored by André Carrillo and Paolo Guerrero.[21] It was the first time Peru had played these three nations at a World Cup, but they were eliminated in the group stage after finishing third with three points.

Qualifiers

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Teams were invited to participate at the 1930 World Cup, so there was no qualifying tournaments. Peru did not enter or withdrew from the qualifying rounds in 1934, 1938, 1950 and 1954. Peru failed to qualify in 1958, 1962 and 1966.

For the 1970 CONMEBOL qualifying tournament, Peru eliminated Bolivia and Argentina. The game between Peru and Bolivia in La Paz is infamous for being fixed by Argentina in favor of Bolivia. Match referee Sergio Chechelev annulled a valid goal from Peru without any justification, allowing Bolivia to win 2–1.[22][23][24] Years later, Chechelev admitted that Argentina had paid him to favor Bolivia.[25] Against Argentina in Buenos Aires, the last game of the group, Peru managed a 2–2 draw, preventing Argentina's intervention from succeeding in the end. This is the only time Argentina has failed to advance in World Cup qualifying.[26]

Peru was eliminated by Chile in 1974. In 1978 and 1982, Peru finished at the top of their group and advanced to the finals. Peru had two wins and two draws in both three-team groups, eliminating Chile and Ecuador in 1978 and Uruguay and Columbia in 1982.[27][28]

Peru almost qualified for Mexico 1986. Peru was placed in Group 1 with Argentina, Colombia and Venezuela. Peru's last two matches were against Argentina. Peru beat Argentina 1–0 in Lima on 23 June 1985. In a rematch seven days later in Buenos Aires, Peru led 2–1 but Ricardo Gareca inspired his team to a 2–2 draw sending Argentina into the World Cup finals which they would win. A win would have put Peru directly into the finals, however, they still had a chance to qualify through the CONMEBOL playoff. Peru lost 2–5 aggregate to Chile in the first round.

Peru was grouped for the 1990 World Cup qualification along with Bolivia and Uruguay. Peru lost all their games with only two goals scored, one by José del Solar and the other by Andres Gonzales. Julio César Uribe was considered one of the best players of the team at that time.

The campaign to reach France 1998 was settled only on goal difference, as they finished even on points with Chile. The qualifying system had changed and now all teams were to face each other, and Peru had been able to maintain the 4th spot until the next-to-last match when they faced Chile at Santiago. Peru lost 4–0.

The preliminaries for Korea/Japan 2002 were difficult, as the team finished eighth in the group with just four wins in eighteen matches. The fact that they only managed to score 14 goals demonstrated how far the attack had fallen since the days of Cubillas. Particularly low points of the qualifying tournament included a 3–0 loss at Venezuela and defeats in over half of their home matches to Uruguay, Ecuador, Argentina, Colombia and Brazil.

During the years of 2004 and 2005, Peru participated in the qualifier for the Germany 2006 World Cup. Peru this time hit the ground hard as conflicts with the team's management soon showed poor results in the games that were to follow. Paulo Autuori managed the squad, but was not able to achieve popularity due to a disastrous campaign that led Peru into 8th place just above Bolivia and Venezuela. Freddy Ternero also momentarily managed the squad, but was dismissed due to problems with the FPF.

The South Africa 2010 qualifiers, beginning in 2007, resulted in another set of problems for the Peruvian team. In their first four games, the team only achieved two ties, both at home, and two losses. Controversies between the FPF and the IPD (Peruvian Sports Institute) caused problems outside of the field for the national team. Also a scandal shook the team as it was discovered, with informational support of prominent figures such as Jaime Bayly, that several of the players had been partying during the time they were supposedly "concentrating" for a match against Brazil. Since then, Claudio Pizarro (SV Werder Bremen), Jefferson Farfán (Schalke 04), Andrés Mendoza (Diyarbakırspor) and Santiago Acasiete (UD Almería), important figures in the team, were never considered again for the national team by coach José del Solar. The 2008 calendar year resulted with three losses, including a 6–0 defeat against Uruguay, two draws against Argentina and Colombia, and only one game won against Venezuela. In 2009 la blanquirroj couldn't revert the situation, being the first team eliminated, at the 14th round. They only won two matches during this year, against Uruguay and Bolivia.

Finally, after 36 years, the national team managed to make it to the 2018 World Cup in Russia.[29] They finished fifth in the qualifiers, following a controversial final day draw against Colombia.[30] They went on to face New Zealand in an inter-continental play-off, winning 2–0 on aggregate,[31] courtesy of goals from Farfán and Christian Ramos, to become the last team to qualify for Russia.[32]

By Opponent

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FIFA World Cup matches (by team)
Opponent Total Wins Draws Losses GF GA GD
  Argentina 1 0 0 1 0 6 -6
  Australia 1 1 0 0 2 0 +2
  Bulgaria 1 1 0 0 3 2 +1
  Brazil 2 0 0 2 2 5 -3
  Cameroon 1 0 1 0 0 0 0
  Denmark 1 0 0 1 0 1 -1
  France 1 0 0 1 0 1 -1
  Italy 1 0 1 0 1 1 0
  Iran 1 1 0 0 4 1 +3
  Morocco 1 1 0 0 3 0 3
  Netherlands 1 0 1 0 0 0 0
  Poland 2 0 0 2 1 6 -5
  Romania 1 0 0 1 3 1 −2
  Scotland 1 1 0 0 3 1 +2
  West Germany 1 0 0 1 1 3 -2
  Uruguay 1 0 0 1 0 1 -1

Match records

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Finals

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FIFA World Cup Qualification
Year Host Round Pld W D L F A Squad Pos. Pld W D L F A
1930   Uruguay Group stage 2 0 0 2 1 4 Squad Qualified as invitees
1934   Italy Withdrew Withdrew
1938   France Did not enter Did not enter
1950 to 1954 Withdrew Withdrew
1958   Sweden Did not qualify 2nd 2 0 1 1 1 2
1962   Chile 2nd 2 0 1 1 1 2
1966   England 2nd 4 2 0 2 8 6
1970   Mexico Quarter-finals 4 2 0 2 9 9 Squad 1st 4 2 1 1 7 4
1974   West Germany Did not qualify Play-off 3 1 0 2 3 4
1978   Argentina Quarter-finals 6 2 1 3 7 12 Squad 2nd 6 3 2 1 13 3
1982   Spain Group stage 3 0 2 1 2 6 Squad 1st 4 2 2 0 5 2
1986   Mexico Did not qualify Play-offs 8 3 2 3 10 9
1990   Italy 3rd 4 0 0 4 2 8
1994   United States 4th 6 0 1 5 4 12
1998   France 5th 16 7 4 5 19 20
2002   South Korea
  Japan 		8th 18 4 4 10 14 25
2006   Germany 9th 18 4 6 8 20 28
2010   South Africa 10th 18 3 4 11 11 34
2014   Brazil 7th 16 4 3 9 17 26
2018   Russia Group stage 3 1 0 2 2 2 Squad Play-off 20 8 6 6 29 26
2022   Qatar Did not qualify Play-off 19 7 4 8 19 22
2026   Canada
  Mexico
  United States 		To be determined In progress 8 0 3 5 2 10
2030   Morocco
  Portugal
  Spain 		To be determined
2034   Saudi Arabia
Total Quarter-finals 18 5 3 10 21 33 — 5/22 176 50 44 82 185 243

By Match

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FIFA World Cup History
Year Round Score Result Scorers
1930 Group stage   Peru 1 – 3   Romania Lost Souza   75'
  Peru 0 – 1   Uruguay Lost
1970 Group stage   Peru 3 – 2   Bulgaria Won Gallardo   50'
Chumpitaz   55'
Cubillas   73'
  Peru 3 – 0   Morocco Won Cubillas   65', 75'
Challe   67'
  Peru 1 – 3   West Germany Lost Cubillas   44'
Quarter-finals   Peru 2 – 4   Brazil Lost Gallardo   28'
Cubillas   70'
1978 First round   Peru 3 – 1   Scotland Won Cueto   43'
Cubillas   70', 76'
  Peru 0 – 0   Netherlands Drawn
  Peru 4 – 1   Iran Won Velásquez   2'
Cubillas   36' (pen.), 39' (pen.), 79'
Second round   Peru 0 – 3   Brazil Lost
  Peru 0 – 1   Poland Lost
  Peru 0 – 6   Argentina Lost
1982 Group stage   Peru 0 – 0   Cameroon Drawn
  Peru 1 – 1   Italy Drawn Díaz   83'
  Peru 1 – 5   Poland Lost La Rosa   83'
2018 Group stage   Peru 0 – 1   Denmark Lost
  Peru 0 – 1   France Lost
  Peru 2 – 0   Australia Won Carrillo   18'
Guerrero   50'

Qualifiers

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FIFA World Cup Qualification History
Year Round H/A Score Result Ref
1958 Group 1 H   Peru 1 – 1   Brazil Drawn [33]
Group 1 A   Peru 0 – 1   Brazil Lost [34]
1962 Group 3 A   Peru 0 – 1   Colombia Lost [35]
Group 3 H   Peru 1 – 1   Colombia Drawn [35]
1966 Group 1 H   Peru 1 – 0   Venezuela Won [36]
Group 1 A   Peru 6 – 3   Venezuela Won [36]
Group 1 H   Peru 0 – 1   Uruguay Lost [37]
Group 1 A   Peru 1 – 2   Uruguay Lost [38]
1970 Group 1 H   Peru 1 – 0   Argentina Won [39]
Group 1 A   Peru 1 – 2   Bolivia Lost [40]
Group 1 H   Peru 3 – 0   Bolivia Won [41]
Group 1 A   Peru 2 – 2   Argentina Drawn [42]
1974 Group 3 H   Peru 2 – 0   Chile Won [43]
Group 3 A   Peru 0 – 2   Chile Lost [44]
Play Off N   Peru 1 – 2   Chile Lost [45]
1978 Group 3 A   Peru 1 – 1   Ecuador Drawn [46]
Group 3 A   Peru 1 – 1   Chile Drawn [47]
Group 3 H   Peru 4 – 0   Ecuador Won [48]
Group 3 H   Peru 2 – 0   Chile Won [49]
Final Round A   Peru 0 – 1   Brazil Lost [50]
Final Round H   Peru 5 – 0   Bolivia Won [51]
1982 Group 2 A   Peru 1 – 1   Colombia Drawn [52]
Group 2 H   Peru 2 – 0   Colombia Won [53]
Group 2 A   Peru 2 – 1   Uruguay Won [54]
Group 2 H   Peru 0 – 0   Uruguay Drawn [55]
1986 Group 1 A   Peru 0 – 1   Colombia Lost [56]
Group 1 A   Peru 1 – 0   Venezuela Won [57]
Group 1 H   Peru 0 – 0   Colombia Drawn [58]
Group 1 H   Peru 4 – 1   Venezuela Won [59]
Group 1 H   Peru 1 – 0   Argentina Won [60]
Group 1 A   Peru 2 – 2   Argentina Drawn [61]
Play Off A   Peru 2 – 4   Chile Lost [62]
Play Off H   Peru 0 – 1   Chile Lost [63]
1990 Group 1 A   Peru 1 – 2   Bolivia Lost [64]
Group 1 H   Peru 0 – 2   Uruguay Lost [65]
Group 1 H   Peru 1 – 2   Bolivia Lost [66]
Group 1 A   Peru 0 – 2   Uruguay Lost [67]
1994 Group 1 H   Peru 0 – 1   Argentina Lost [68]
Group 1 H   Peru 0 – 1   Colombia Lost [69]
Group 1 A   Peru 1 – 2   Paraguay Lost [70]
Group 1 A   Peru 1 – 2   Argentina Lost [71]
Group 1 A   Peru 0 – 4   Colombia Lost [72]
Group 1 H   Peru 2 – 2   Paraguay Drawn [73]
1998 A   Peru 1 – 4   Ecuador Lost [74]
H   Peru 1 – 1   Colombia Drawn [75]
H   Peru 0 – 0   Argentina Drawn [76]
A   Peru 0 – 0   Bolivia Drawn [77]
H   Peru 4 – 1   Venezuela Won [78]
A   Peru 0 – 2   Uruguay Lost [79]
H   Peru 2 – 1   Chile Won [80]
A   Peru 1 – 2   Paraguay Lost [81]
H   Peru 1 – 1   Ecuador Drawn [82]
A   Peru 1 – 0   Colombia Won [83]
A   Peru 0 – 2   Argentina Lost [84]
H   Peru 2 – 1   Bolivia Won [85]
A   Peru 3 – 0   Venezuela Won [86]
H   Peru 2 – 1   Uruguay Won [87]
A   Peru 0 – 4   Chile Lost [88]
H   Peru 1 – 0   Paraguay Won [89]
2002 H   Peru 2 – 0   Paraguay Won [90]
A   Peru 1 – 1   Chile Drawn [91]
H   Peru 0 – 1   Brazil Lost [92]
A   Peru 1 – 2   Ecuador Lost [93]
H   Peru 0 – 1   Colombia Lost [94]
A   Peru 0 – 0   Uruguay Drawn [95]
H   Peru 1 – 0   Venezuela Won [96]
H   Peru 1 – 2   Argentina Lost [97]
A   Peru 0 – 1   Bolivia Lost [98]
A   Peru 1 – 5   Paraguay Lost [99]
H   Peru 3 – 1   Chile Won [100]
A   Peru 1 – 1   Brazil Drawn [101]
H   Peru 1 – 2   Ecuador Lost [102]
A   Peru 1 – 0   Colombia Won [103]
H   Peru 0 – 2   Uruguay Lost [104]
A   Peru 0 – 3   Venezuela Lost [105]
A   Peru 0 – 2   Argentina Lost [106]
H   Peru 1 – 1   Bolivia Drawn [107]
2006 H   Peru 4 – 1   Paraguay Won
A   Peru 1 – 2   Chile Lost
H   Peru 1 – 1   Brazil Drawn
A   Peru 0 – 0   Ecuador Drawn
H   Peru 0 – 2   Colombia Lost
A   Peru 3 – 1   Uruguay Won
H   Peru 0 – 0   Venezuela Drawn
H   Peru 1 – 3   Argentina Lost
A   Peru 0 – 1   Bolivia Lost
A   Peru 1 – 1   Paraguay Drawn
H   Peru 2 – 1   Chile Won
A   Peru 0 – 1   Brazil Lost
H   Peru 2 – 2   Ecuador Drawn
A   Peru 0 – 5   Colombia Lost
H   Peru 0 – 0   Uruguay Drawn
A   Peru 1 – 4   Venezuela Lost
A   Peru 0 – 2   Argentina Lost
H   Peru 4 – 1   Bolivia Won
2010 H   Peru 0 – 0   Paraguay Drawn
A   Peru 0 – 2   Chile Lost
H   Peru 1 – 1   Brazil Drawn
A   Peru 1 – 5   Ecuador Lost
H   Peru 1 – 1   Colombia Drawn
A   Peru 0 – 6   Uruguay Lost
H   Peru 1 – 0   Venezuela Won
H   Peru 1 – 1   Argentina Drawn
A   Peru 0 – 3   Bolivia Lost
A   Peru 0 – 1   Paraguay Lost
H   Peru 1 – 3   Chile Lost
A   Peru 0 – 3   Brazil Lost
H   Peru 1 – 2   Ecuador Lost
A   Peru 0 – 1   Colombia Lost
H   Peru 1 – 0   Uruguay Won
A   Peru 1 – 3   Venezuela Lost
A   Peru 1 – 2   Argentina Lost
H   Peru 1 – 0   Bolivia Won
2014 H   Peru 2 – 0   Paraguay Won
A   Peru 2 – 4   Chile Lost
A   Peru 0 – 2   Ecuador Lost
H   Peru 0 – 1   Colombia Lost
A   Peru 2 – 4   Uruguay Lost
H   Peru 2 – 1   Venezuela Won
H   Peru 1 – 1   Argentina Drawn
A   Peru 1 – 1   Bolivia Drawn
A   Peru 0 – 1   Paraguay Lost
H   Peru 1 – 0   Chile Won
H   Peru 1 – 0   Ecuador Won
A   Peru 0 – 2   Colombia Lost
H   Peru 1 – 2   Uruguay Lost
A   Peru 2 – 3   Venezuela Lost
A   Peru 1 – 3   Argentina Lost
H   Peru 1 – 1   Bolivia Drawn
2018 A   Peru 0 – 2   Colombia Lost
H   Peru 3 – 4   Chile Lost
H   Peru 1 – 0   Paraguay Won
A   Peru 0 – 3   Brazil Lost
H   Peru 2 – 2   Venezuela Drawn
A   Peru 0 – 1   Uruguay Lost
A   Peru 3 – 0   Bolivia Won
H   Peru 2 – 1   Ecuador Won
H   Peru 2 – 2   Argentina Drawn
A   Peru 1 – 2   Chile Lost
A   Peru 4 – 1   Paraguay Won
H   Peru 0 – 2   Brazil Lost
A   Peru 2 – 2   Venezuela Drawn
H   Peru 2 – 1   Uruguay Won
H   Peru 2 – 1   Bolivia Won
A   Peru 2 – 1   Ecuador Won
A   Peru 0 – 0   Argentina Drawn
H   Peru 1 – 1   Colombia Drawn
A   Peru 0 – 0   New Zealand Drawn
H   Peru 2 – 0   New Zealand Won
2022 A   Peru 2 – 2   Paraguay Drawn
H   Peru 2 – 4   Brazil Lost
A   Peru 0 – 2   Chile Lost
H   Peru 0 – 2   Argentina Lost
H   Peru 0 – 3   Colombia Lost
A   Peru 2 – 1   Ecuador Won
H   Peru 1 – 1   Uruguay Drawn
H   Peru 1 – 0   Venezuela Won
A   Peru 0 – 2   Brazil Lost
H   Peru 2 – 0   Chile Won
A   Peru 0 – 1   Bolivia Lost
A   Peru 0 – 1   Argentina Lost
H   Peru 3 – 0   Bolivia Won
A   Peru 2 – 1   Venezuela Won
A   Peru 1 – 0   Colombia Won
H   Peru 1 – 1   Ecuador Drawn
A   Peru 0 – 1   Uruguay Lost
H   Peru 2 – 0   Paraguay Won
N   Peru 0 – 0 (4 – 5 p)   Australia Drawn

Record players

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Rank Player Matches World Cups
1 Teófilo Cubillas 13 1970, 1978 and 1982
2 Héctor Chumpitaz 10 1970 and 1978
3 César Cueto 9 1978 and 1982
Jaime Duarte 9 1978 and 1982
Juan Carlos Oblitas 9 1978 and 1982
Ramón Quiroga 9 1978 and 1982
7 Hugo Sotil 8 1970 and 1978
Guillermo La Rosa 8 1978 and 1982
José Velásquez 8 1978 and 1982
10 Rubén Toribio Díaz 7 1978 and 1982

Top goalscorers

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Rank Player Goals World Cups
1 Teófilo Cubillas 10 1970 (5) and 1978 (5)
2 Alberto Gallardo 2 1970
3 Luis de Souza 1 1930
Roberto Challe 1 1970
Héctor Chumpitaz 1 1970
César Cueto 1 1978
José Velásquez 1 1978
Rubén Toribio Díaz 1 1982
Guillermo La Rosa 1 1982
André Carrillo 1 2018
Paolo Guerrero 1 2018

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ According to FIFA, the player was defender Plácido Galindo,[3] but forward Souza Ferreira and other sources contend that it was midfielder Mario de las Casas.[4]
  2. ^ The unproven allegations were that Peruvian goalkeeper Ramón Quiroga (who was born in Argentina) feared hatred from his birthplace, that Peru simply did not want Brazil to reach the final, and that a government deal between Peru and Argentina arranged the result.[12][13]

References

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  1. ^ a b Jaime Pulgar-Vidal Otálora (24 February 2007). "Peru en El Mundial del 30" (in Spanish). Jaimepulgarvidal.blogspot.com. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
  2. ^ Lennox 2009, p. 61.
  3. ^ "101 Facts" (PDF). FIFA Magazine. June–July 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 November 2012. Retrieved 29 June 2013.
  4. ^ Pedro Canelo (11 May 2010). "El primer expulsado en la historia de los mundiales fue peruano" (in Spanish). El Comercio.pe. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
  5. ^ a b Henshaw 1979, p. 805.
  6. ^ Glanville 2010, p. 169.
  7. ^ Glanville 2010, p. 176.
  8. ^ Goldblatt 2008, p. 393.
  9. ^ Henshaw 1979, p. 810.
  10. ^ Panfichi & Vich 2005, p. 161.
  11. ^ Dunmore 2011, p. 101.
  12. ^ a b Christopher 2010, p. "Working the System?".
  13. ^ Edwards & Skinner 2006, p. 81.
  14. ^ Witzig 2006, p. 451.
  15. ^ Lisi 2011, p. 160.
  16. ^ Lisi 2011, p. 162.
  17. ^ Lisi 2011, p. 166.
  18. ^ James, Stuart (16 June 2018). "Yussuf Poulsen winner for Denmark edges out luckless Peru". The Guardian. Guardian News and Media Limited. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  19. ^ "Mbappe sets new France record with opener against Peru". Goal.com. 21 June 2018. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  20. ^ Associated Press (26 June 2018). "Peru defeats Australia 2-0 for first World Cup win since 1978". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 9 July 2018. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  21. ^ Echegaray, Luis Miguel (26 June 2018). "Guerrero, Carrillo Score as Peru Spoils Australia Knockout Stage Bid". Sports Illustrated. Time Inc. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  22. ^ "Perú-Bolivia y el recuerdo de Chechelev: el día que un árbitro le ganó a la Blanquirroja en La Paz, en 1969". El Comercio Perú (in Spanish). 10 November 2021. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
  23. ^ Líbero. "Chechelev perpetró el primer robo a selección". libero.pe (in Spanish). Retrieved 21 September 2022.
  24. ^ "El castigo de Chechelev - De Chalaca | Futbol para el que la conoce". dechalaca.com. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
  25. ^ Zimmerman, Horacio (8 March 2012). "Escándalos arbitrales que marcaron el futuro de equipos peruanos". El Comercio (in Spanish). Retrieved 20 June 2013.
  26. ^ "The Silence of the Bombonera". FIFA.com. Archived from the original on 14 November 2016. Retrieved 13 October 2017.
  27. ^ "Fuimos héroes: cuando Perú dio la sorpresa y sumó puntos memorables". El Comercio (in Spanish). 5 June 2012. Retrieved 29 June 2013.
  28. ^ "World Cup 1982 qualifications: South America". RSSSF. 1982. Retrieved 29 June 2013.
  29. ^ "Fifa World Cup 2018 Group C guide: France, Australia, Peru, Denmark - final standings, table, results, teams, squad, permutations, betting tips/odds". Evening Standard. 26 June 2018. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  30. ^ Barlett, Evan (12 October 2017). "Radamel Falcao makes revealing admission following match-fixing allegations in Peru vs Colombia draw". The Independent. Archived from the original on 25 May 2022. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  31. ^ "Peru down New Zealand to complete World Cup lineup". Reuters. Lima. 16 November 2017. Archived from the original on 16 November 2017. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  32. ^ Gonzalez, Roger (16 November 2017). "World Cup 2018: Qualification finishes as Peru and Australia get in on final day". CBS Sports. CBS Interactive Inc. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  33. ^ "Selección peruana: El detallado minuto a minuto del debut histórico de la Blanquirroja en las Eliminatorias Suecia 1958". El Comercio Perú (in Spanish). 13 April 2021. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
  34. ^ Combe, Eduardo (14 March 2017). "Selección Peruana: la 'folha seca' nos dejó fuera en nuestra primera Eliminatoria | FUTBOL-PERUANO". Depor (in Spanish). Retrieved 28 October 2022.
  35. ^ a b Combe, Eduardo (16 March 2017). "Selección Peruana: la eliminación más dolorosa en Eliminatorias | FUTBOL-PERUANO". Depor (in Spanish). Retrieved 28 October 2022.
  36. ^ a b "Peru 1-0 Venezuela". www.ceroacero.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 28 October 2022.
  37. ^ "Peru 0-1 Uruguay". www.ceroacero.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 28 October 2022.
  38. ^ "Uruguay 2-1 Peru". www.ceroacero.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 28 October 2022.
  39. ^ "Peru 1-0 Argentina". www.ceroacero.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 October 2022.
  40. ^ "Bolivia 2-1 Peru". www.ceroacero.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 October 2022.
  41. ^ "Peru 3-0 Bolivia". www.ceroacero.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 October 2022.
  42. ^ "Argentina v Peru, 31 August 1969". 11v11.com. Retrieved 29 October 2022.
  43. ^ "Peru v Chile, 29 April 1973". 11v11.com. Retrieved 29 October 2022.
  44. ^ "Chile v Peru, 13 May 1973". 11v11.com. Retrieved 29 October 2022.
  45. ^ "Chile v Peru, 05 August 1973". 11v11.com. Retrieved 29 October 2022.
  46. ^ "Ecuador v Peru, 20 February 1977". 11v11.com. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
  47. ^ "Chile v Peru, 06 March 1977". 11v11.com. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
  48. ^ "Peru v Ecuador, 12 March 1977". 11v11.com. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
  49. ^ "Peru v Chile, 26 March 1977". 11v11.com. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
  50. ^ "Brazil v Peru, 10 July 1977". 11v11.com. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
  51. ^ "Peru v Bolivia, 17 July 1977". 11v11.com. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
  52. ^ "Colombia v Peru, 26 July 1981". 11v11.com. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
  53. ^ "Peru v Colombia, 16 August 1981". 11v11.com. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
  54. ^ "Uruguay v Peru, 23 August 1981". 11v11.com. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
  55. ^ "Peru v Uruguay, 06 September 1981". 11v11.com. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
  56. ^ "Colombia v Peru, 26 May 1985". 11v11.com. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
  57. ^ "Venezuela v Peru, 02 June 1985". 11v11.com. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
  58. ^ "Peru v Colombia, 09 June 1985". 11v11.com. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
  59. ^ "Peru v Venezuela, 16 June 1985". 11v11.com. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
  60. ^ "Peru v Argentina, 23 June 1985". 11v11.com. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
  61. ^ "Argentina v Peru, 30 June 1985". 11v11.com. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
  62. ^ "Chile v Peru, 27 October 1985". 11v11.com. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
  63. ^ "Peru v Chile, 03 November 1985". 11v11.com. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
  64. ^ "Bolivia v Peru, 20 August 1989". 11v11.com. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
  65. ^ "Peru v Uruguay, 27 August 1989". 11v11.com. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
  66. ^ "Peru v Bolivia, 10 September 1989". 11v11.com. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
  67. ^ "Uruguay v Peru, 24 September 1989". 11v11.com. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
  68. ^ "Peru v Argentina, 01 August 1993". 11v11.com. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
  69. ^ "Peru v Colombia, 08 August 1993". 11v11.com. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
  70. ^ "Paraguay v Peru, 15 August 1993". 11v11.com. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
  71. ^ "Argentina v Peru, 22 August 1993". 11v11.com. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
  72. ^ "Colombia v Peru, 29 August 1993". 11v11.com. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
  73. ^ "Peru v Paraguay, 05 September 1993". 11v11.com. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
  74. ^ "Ecuador v Peru, 24 April 1996". 11v11.com. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  75. ^ "Peru v Colombia, 02 June 1996". 11v11.com. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  76. ^ "Peru v Argentina, 07 July 1996". 11v11.com. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  77. ^ "Bolivia v Peru, 01 September 1996". 11v11.com. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  78. ^ "Peru v Venezuela, 10 November 1996". 11v11.com. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  79. ^ "Uruguay v Peru, 15 December 1996". 11v11.com. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  80. ^ "Peru v Chile, 12 January 1997". 11v11.com. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  81. ^ "Paraguay v Peru, 12 February 1997". 11v11.com. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  82. ^ "Peru v Ecuador, 02 April 1997". 11v11.com. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  83. ^ "Colombia v Peru, 30 April 1997". 11v11.com. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  84. ^ "Argentina v Peru, 08 June 1997". 11v11.com. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  85. ^ "Peru v Bolivia, 06 July 1997". 11v11.com. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  86. ^ "Venezuela v Peru, 20 August 1997". 11v11.com. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  87. ^ "Peru v Uruguay, 10 September 1997". 11v11.com. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  88. ^ "Chile v Peru, 12 October 1997". 11v11.com. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  89. ^ "Peru v Paraguay, 16 November 1997". 11v11.com. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  90. ^ "Peru v Paraguay, 29 March 2000". 11v11.com. Retrieved 20 December 2022.
  91. ^ "Chile v Peru, 26 April 2000". 11v11.com. Retrieved 20 December 2022.
  92. ^ "Peru v Brazil, 04 June 2000". 11v11.com. Retrieved 20 December 2022.
  93. ^ "Ecuador v Peru, 29 June 2000". 11v11.com. Retrieved 20 December 2022.
  94. ^ "Peru v Colombia, 19 July 2000". 11v11.com. Retrieved 20 December 2022.
  95. ^ "Uruguay v Peru, 25 July 2000". 11v11.com. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
  96. ^ "Peru v Venezuela, 16 August 2000". 11v11.com. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
  97. ^ "Peru v Argentina, 03 September 2000". 11v11.com. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
  98. ^ "Bolivia v Peru, 08 October 2000". 11v11.com. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
  99. ^ "Paraguay v Peru, 15 November 2000". 11v11.com. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
  100. ^ "Peru v Chile, 27 March 2001". 11v11.com. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
  101. ^ "Brazil v Peru, 25 April 2001". 11v11.com. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
  102. ^ "Peru v Ecuador, 02 June 2001". Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  103. ^ "Colombia v Peru, 16 August 2001". Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  104. ^ "Peru v Uruguay, 04 September 2001". Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  105. ^ "Venezuela v Peru, 06 October 2001". Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  106. ^ "Argentina v Peru, 08 November 2001". Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  107. ^ "Peru v Bolivia, 14 November 2001". Retrieved 25 January 2023.

Bibliography

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