Phalium areola, common name the checkerboard bonnet, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the subfamily Cassinae, within the family Cassidae the helmet and bonnet shells. It is also known as the checkerboard bonnet shell.[1]
| Phalium areola | |
|---|---|
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| Shell of Phalium areola | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Littorinimorpha |
| Family: | Cassidae |
| Genus: | Phalium |
| Species: | P. areola
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| Binomial name | |
| Phalium areola (Linnaeus, 1758)
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| Synonyms[1] | |
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Distribution
editThis species occurs in the Indian Ocean along Madagascar, the Mascarene Basin, Tanzania and off the southern African coast from KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique.[2] It can also be found in Melanesia and along Samoa.[3][4]
Description
editThe size of an adult shell varies between 35 mm and 130 mm.[3] These medium-sized shells are oval and acuminate, with a rather narrow mouth, the outer lip folded back and internally denticulate. Shoulder are not angulate nor plicate and the anterior prickles on outer lip obsolete. The surface of the shell is white with five series of large squarish red-brown spots (hence the common name). Later whorls show spiral striae anteriorly on whorls and above shoulders.[5][6]
References
edit
- ^ a b Gofas, S. (2011). Phalium areola (Linnaeus, 1758). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=217009 on 2011-06-22
- ^ Steyn, D.G. & Lussi, M. 2005. Offshore Shells of Southern Africa ISBN 0-620-33607-2
- ^ a b "Phalium areola". Gastropods.com. Retrieved 12 January 2019.
- ^ Sealife Base
- ^ Annals of the South African Museum Vol. XLVIII (1963-1974) page 11
- ^ Iredale, T., 1927. A review of Australian helmet shells (family Cassididae- phylum Mollusca). Records of the Australian Museum 15(5): 321–354
- Arianna Fulvo and Roberto Nistri (2005). 350 coquillages du monde entier. Delachaux et Niestlé (Paris) : 256 p. (ISBN 2-603-01374-2)
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