Philip Edward Wilson (2 October 1950 – 17 January 2021) was an Australian Roman Catholic prelate who was the eighth Archbishop of Adelaide from 2001 to 2018. He was President of the Australian Catholic Bishops' Conference from 2006 to 2010. From 1996 to 2001 Wilson was bishop of the Diocese of Wollongong, where he gained a reputation as a "healing bishop" for handling child-abuse scandals.[1]
Philip Edward Wilson | |
|---|---|
| Archbishop of Adelaide | |
| Archdiocese | Adelaide |
| Appointed | 3 December 2001 |
| Term ended | 30 July 2018 |
| Predecessor | Leonard Faulkner |
| Successor | Patrick O'Regan |
| Previous post(s) |
|
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 23 August 1975 by Edward Bede Clancy |
| Consecration | 10 July 1996 by Edward Bede Clancy |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 2 October 1950 |
| Died | 17 January 2021 (aged 70) Adelaide, South Australia |
| Nationality | Australian |
| Denomination | Roman Catholic |
| Parents | John and Joan Wilson |
| Alma mater | |
| Styles of Philip Wilson | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Reference style | The Most Reverend |
| Spoken style | Your Grace |
| Religious style | Archbishop |
In 2018 Wilson was at first convicted, but then acquitted on appeal, of failing to report in 2004 allegations of child sexual abuse against another priest when he was an assistant parish priest in East Maitland, New South Wales in 1976.[2] After the conviction but before the acquittal, he resigned as archbishop and commenced serving his sentence under home detention.[2] In September 2019 the fourth previously unreleased volume of the 2014 Special Commission of Enquiry into allegations of cover-up of sexual abuse claims in the Diocese of Maitland-Newcastle commissioned by Margaret Cuneen SC found that Archbishop Wilson was an "unsatisfactory and unimpressive witness" and that he gave evidence the commissioners considered to be "untruthful", "self serving and implausible".
Early life
editWilson was born in Cessnock, New South Wales, to Joan and John Wilson. He was the eldest of five children and received his primary and secondary education at St Patrick's Primary School in Cessnock and St Joseph's College, Hunters Hill.[3][4] By his mid-teens, Wilson had decided to enter the priesthood,[5] and on his completion of high school, at the age of 18, he entered St Patrick's Seminary, Manly.[4] In 1974, he received a Bachelor of Theology degree from the Catholic Institute of Sydney.[3]
Priesthood
editFollowing his ordination in 1975, Wilson's first posting was to the parish of East Maitland, New South Wales, where he served as an assistant priest.[6] In 1977–78 he undertook studies in religious education in New York City. In 1978, he returned to Australia where he was appointed Director of Religious Education in the Diocese of Maitland (now the Diocese of Maitland-Newcastle). After being appointed parish priest of Maitland in 1983, he was promoted to vicar general, Diocesan Management and Administration in 1987.[4] From 1990 to 1995, Wilson studied canon law at the Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C., where he received a Licentiate of Canon Law,[7] and was made a Prelate of Honour by Pope John Paul II.[3]
Bishop of Wollongong
editIn 1996, Wilson was appointed to replace Bishop William Murray as Bishop of Wollongong, and on 10 July he was consecrated by Cardinal Edward Clancy.[3][4] Aged 45, Wilson became the youngest Catholic bishop in Australia.[8]
During his time as Bishop of Wollongong, Wilson was tasked with dealing with an alleged culture of inadequate responses to child abuse by clergy within the diocese. Wilson's predecessor, Bishop Murray, had been criticised during public hearings of the Wood Royal Commission for not acting on allegations of sexual misconduct within the diocese and had admitted publicly that he did not know how to deal with them.[9] Upon the delivery of the findings of the Wood Commission, Wilson issued a formal apology to the victims of abuse by clergy within the diocese.[9]
Archbishop of Adelaide
editIn November 2000, Pope John Paul II appointed Wilson to the position of coadjutor archbishop of the Archdiocese of Adelaide,[10] in anticipation of the retirement of Leonard Faulkner, who was Archbishop of Adelaide at the time. Aged only 50, Wilson's appointment made him the youngest Catholic archbishop in Australia.[11] The announcement of Wilson's promotion brought praise from public figures in Wollongong,[12] with the Lord Mayor saying he had "...played a leading role in restoring the credibility of the Catholic Church here."[13] Archbishop Faulkner described him as "a very pastoral man and a man of the people and very gifted academically".[10]
Wilson's welcome Mass, held at Adelaide's St Francis Xavier's Cathedral on 1 February 2001, was the first Mass in Australia to be broadcast on the internet,[14] recording a reported 40,000 views.[15] Wilson spent most of 2001 learning about the archdiocese while acting as coadjutor,[16] and was installed at a Mass on 3 December, which was attended by about 35 bishops, more than 200 priests and the Governor of South Australia, Marjorie Jackson-Nelson.[17] He celebrated Mass for the first time at St Francis Xavier's Cathedral on 9 December 2001.[3]
In 2002, Wilson became the first Australian archbishop to be invited to address a session of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. The session was held in the wake of an emergency meeting between American bishops and Pope John Paul II regarding the sex-abuse crisis within the Church. Wilson was selected to address the conference because of his experience dealing with clerical crimes while bishop of Wollongong.[1]
In 2018, Wilson was charged, convicted and later acquitted on appeal of concealing child sex abuse. He was alleged to have been told in 1976 by a victim who had been sexually abused four years earlier.[2] While awaiting sentencing, Wilson stepped aside from his duties as archbishop in late May 2018.[18] On 3 June 2018, Wilson's duties were assumed by Gregory O'Kelly, Bishop of Port Pirie, South Australia.[19][20]
Wilson submitted his resignation to Pope Francis on 20 July, following conviction for failure to report child sexual abuse. Its acceptance was announced on 30 July 2018.[21][22] His conviction was overturned by the District Court of New South Wales in December 2018.[23]
Alleged failure to report child sexual abuse
editIn May 2010, Wilson came under scrutiny for his handling of charges of clerical sexual abuse in two cases in the Diocese of Maitland-Newcastle.
The first case originated in 1985, when Father Dennis McAlinden, a priest in that diocese, was alleged to have sexually assaulted two girls. Wilson, the diocese's vicar general at the time, was sent to speak to parents at the school where the assault was alleged to have taken place. The principal told the media that Wilson responded by removing McAlinden from his position and providing help for him.[24] The Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) reported that "McAlinden was ... transferred to a remote parish in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. Over the next decade he sexually assaulted five more girls under the age of 10".[24] Ten years later, in 1995, Bishop Leo Clarke (1923–2006) asked Wilson to take statements from McAlinden's alleged victims. Wilson took the statements and returned them to the bishop. The ABC reported that the statements were never provided to police and that Clarke defrocked McAlinden with the promise "that his 'good name' would be protected".[24] In a statement to ABC in 2010, Wilson said he told Clarke in 1985 that McAlinden should be confronted and, that as far as he was aware, this had occurred. He denied involvement in McAlinden's transfer to Western Australia or his defrocking.[25]
The second allegations were made in mid-May 2010 by a victim of convicted child sex offender James Fletcher, who had also been a priest in the Maitland-Newcastle diocese. According to the ABC, "[The victim said] Archbishop Philip Wilson was a priest living in the bishop's house in Maitland when Fletcher was also living there in the late 1970s, and that Philip Wilson should have been aware that he was being sexually abused in Fletcher's upstairs bedroom."[24] Wilson denied having any knowledge of the assault and said he had not been living in the house at the time, but in a flat behind the residence.[25][26] The details of the charge were that Wilson should have remembered the 1976 disclosure to him, and reported it in 2004 when Fletcher was charged with other child sex abuse crimes.[2]
Trial and conviction
editIn March 2015, NSW Police issued Wilson with a future court attendance notice. He faced a charge of "concealing a serious offence regarding child sexual abuse in the Hunter region" in 1976.[27] Wilson immediately took indefinite leave and issued a statement saying he would "vigorously defend my innocence through the judicial system".[28] Wilson returned to work at the beginning of 2016. His attorneys made several requests to have the court proceedings quashed or permanently stayed, including that Wilson had Alzheimer's disease and should not be tried on medical grounds.[29] These were refused by a magistrate in February 2016, and the appeal was rejected by Justice Monika Schmidt in the Supreme Court of New South Wales on 14 October 2016, clearing the way for the trial to be heard.[30] One of the alleged victims of abuse asked for the non-publication order on his name to be lifted, and spoke of having told Wilson of the abuse in 1981 when he was 15, five years after it occurred.[31]
On 22 May 2018 the Newcastle Local Court found Wilson guilty of the charge of failing to report allegations of child sexual abuse by Fletcher in 1976. Wilson remained on bail pending his sentencing. The prosecution requested a custodial sentence for Wilson, for reasons of "deterrence" and "denunciation". The maximum penalty was two years' imprisonment, which could be suspended.[32] After calls to resign as archbishop, the day after his conviction Wilson announced he was stepping aside from his duties, after putting in place administrative arrangements to manage the affairs of the archdiocese.[18] Sentencing arguments were heard by the magistrate on 19 June 2018, with a decision reserved until 3 July 2018. The prosecution submitted documents that stated that 16 per cent of those convicted of concealing a serious indictable offence receive a full custodial sentence. Wilson's lawyers argued that Wilson could be the target of violence in prison, and sought a recorded conviction and good-behaviour bond.[33][34] On 3 July 2018, Wilson was sentenced to 12 months' detention, eligible for parole after 6 months. The matter was adjourned until 14 August while a home detention order was assessed,[35] whereby he would serve the sentence at a family member's home in New South Wales.[36] Following his sentencing, Wilson appealed, and said he would not resign from his position until all legal avenues open to him were exhausted.[37] On 19 July, Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull said he wanted "the ultimate authority in the church to take action and sack him".[38]
Resignation
editThere were many calls for his resignation, but Wilson had said that he would not step aside until his legal options were exhausted. Pope Francis accepted Wilson's resignation on 30 July 2018 while his appeal against conviction remained in progress. As an archbishop, Wilson became the most senior Catholic cleric convicted of not disclosing abuse by another priest to police;[39] earlier cases involved bishops Pierre Pican in France[40][41] and Robert Finn in the U.S.[42]
Sentence
editOn 14 August 2018, Magistrate Robert Stone determined that Wilson was not a threat and ordered him to serve home detention for the remainder of his one-year sentence. Wilson did not apply for bail following the ruling and immediately began serving his sentence. He would have been eligible for parole on 13 February 2019.[43][44]
Appeal and acquittal
editOn 6 December 2018, Wilson was acquitted of all the charges of which he had previously been found guilty. Judge Roy Ellis of the Newcastle District Court, when handing down his decision, said that suspicion was not a substitute for proof[45] and that Wilson was an intelligent and articulate witness that did not attempt to blacken the name of his accuser in his defence.[46] Judge Ellis determined that for a conviction, the prosecution needed to prove beyond reasonable doubt that the conversation had taken place in 1976, that Wilson had believed it at the time, and remembered it in 2004. The District Court gave more weight to a written statement by another priest (Glen Walsh) who stated that in 2004 he had sought advice from Wilson about how to respond to being directed by the bishop at that time to hide another allegation against Fletcher. Ellis found it inconceivable that Wilson would advise Walsh to go to the authorities, if he also held information himself about another victim.[2] The acquittal came after Wilson had already served four months of his 12 months of house arrest. Fletcher's victims expressed their extreme disappointment at Wilson's acquittal.[46] The Director of Public Prosecutions had been reported to be considering a challenge in the Supreme Court of New South Wales but on 20 December, announced that there were no reasonable prospects of success of appeal on errors of law.[47] In September 2019 the fourth previously unreleased volume of the 2014 Special Commission of Enquiry into allegations of cover-up of sexual abuse claims in the Diocese of Maitland-Newcastle commissioned by Margaret Cuneen SC found that Archbishop Wilson was an "unsatisfactory and unimpressive witness" and that he gave evidence the commissioners considered to be "untruthful", "self serving and implausible".
Views
editIn 2017, during the Australian Marriage Law Postal Survey regarding same-sex marriage, Wilson was on the "No" side, defining marriage as being only "between a man and a woman" with "its fundamental role in raising children as part of God’s divine plan for the human family".[48][49]
Death
editWilson died on 17 January 2021. His health had been poor during his last years and he suffered from cancer, but his death was described as "sudden".[50]
References
edit- ^ a b James, Colin (12 June 2002). "'Healing bishop' to help US priests with abuse crisis". Adelaide Advertiser. Archived from the original on 23 May 2018. Retrieved 24 December 2010 – via Catholic News.
- ^ a b c d e Millington, Ben (7 December 2018). "Phillip Wilson's overruled conviction explained and why public opinion was 'dashed'". ABC News. Retrieved 8 December 2018.
- ^ a b c d e "Biography – Archbishop Philip Wilson". The Archdiocese of Adelaide. Archived from the original on 11 January 2010. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
- ^ a b c d Devlin, Rebekah (3 May 2003). "Life lived for the glory of God". The Adelaide Advertiser.
- ^ Devlin, Rebekah (1 December 2001). "In God he trusts". The Adelaide Advertiser.
- ^ Notzon, Nancy; Wakatama, Giselle (9 April 2018). "Catholic Archbishop of Adelaide Philip Wilson's legal team try to get case thrown out for fourth time". ABC News. Australia. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
- ^ "International Directory of Academic Works on Canon Law". CanonLaw.info. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
Philip Wilson, "The medieval antecedents of the canonical doctrine of equity in the Summa Aurea of Hostiensis", (CUA licentiate thesis, 1992).
- ^ Hartgerink, Nick (2 December 2000). "Youngest Bishop Fulfilled Difficult Mission". Illawarra Mercury.
- ^ a b McInerney, Paul (27 August 1997). "Bishop Regrets Events That Shocked Region". Illawarra Mercury.
- ^ a b James, Colin (1 December 2000). "Pope appoints Adelaide's new Archbishop". The Adelaide Advertiser. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
- ^ Turk, Louise (2 December 2000). "Higher Calling". Illawarra Mercury.
- ^ "Community Leaders Pay Tribute". Illawarra Mercury. 2 December 2000.
- ^ "Bishop Honoured". Illawarra Mercury. 20 December 2000.
- ^ "Mass Internet audience". The Daily Telegraph. Australia. 21 January 2001.
- ^ "The revolutionary ChurchCam". The Adelaide Advertiser. 12 February 2001.
- ^ James, Colin (1 February 2001). "New archbishop hungry to learn". The Adelaide Advertiser.
- ^ "Tickets remain for Installation Mass". Adelaide Advertiser. 26 November 2001.
- ^ a b Keane, Daniel (23 May 2018). "Philip Wilson to step down as Archbishop of Adelaide after conviction, but refuses to resign". ABC News. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
- ^ Gallagher, Delia; McKenzie, Sheena (3 June 2018). "Vatican replaces archbishop convicted of concealing child sex abuse". CNN. Retrieved 3 June 2018.
- ^ McElwee, Joshua J. (3 June 2018). "Francis appoints administrator to replace Australian archbishop found guilty of not reporting abuse". National Catholic Reporter. Retrieved 3 June 2008.
- ^ "Adelaide Archbishop Philip Wilson resigns amid child sex abuse cover-up". ABC News. 30 July 2018. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
- ^ "Rinuncia dell'Arcivescovo di Adelaide (Australia), 30.07.2018" (Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 30 July 2018. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
- ^ "Philip Wilson: former archbishop's quashed conviction won't be appealed by DPP". The Guardian. 20 December 2018. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
- ^ a b c d Crittenden, Stephen (18 May 2010). "Archbishop's handling of abuse claims challenged". ABC News. Australia. Retrieved 24 December 2010.
- ^ a b Crittenden, Stephen; Smith, Suzanne (17 May 2010). "Archbishop under fire over alleged abuse cover-up". Lateline. Australia: ABC. Retrieved 24 December 2010.
- ^ "Adelaide archbishop: Senator's interference in abuse case was 'unjust'". Catholic News Service. 16 September 2011. Archived from the original on 28 May 2012. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
- ^ Box, Dan (17 March 2015). "Adelaide Archbishop Philip Wilson charged with concealing sex abuse". The Australian. News Corp (Australia). Retrieved 17 March 2015.
- ^ "Catholic Archbishop of Adelaide Philip Wilson charged with failing to report child abuse by colleague in 1970s". The Advertiser (Adelaide). News Corp. 17 March 2015. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
I intend to vigorously defend my innocence through the judicial system and I have retained Senior Counsel, Mr Ian Temby AO, who will represent me in respect of it.
- ^ Harriet Sherwood (30 July 2018). "Adelaide archbishop Philip Wilson resigns after covering up child abuse". The Guardian.
- ^ "Adelaide's Catholic Archbishop fails to stop criminal case". InDaily. AAP. 14 October 2016. Retrieved 14 October 2016.
- ^ Wakatama, Giselle (7 December 2017). "Archbishop Philip Wilson was 'shocked' when told of sexual abuse claims in 1970s, court told". ABC News. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
- ^ Notzon, Nancy (22 May 2018). "Archbishop of Adelaide Philip Wilson found guilty of covering up child sexual abuse". ABC News. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
- ^ Notzon, Nancy (19 June 2018). "Archbishop convicted of concealing child sex abuse should spared jail time, lawyers argue". ABC News. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
- ^ Rigney, Sam (19 June 2018). "Adelaide Archbishop Philip Wilson listed for sentence for concealing child sexual abuse". The Newcastle Herald. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
- ^ Notzon, Nancy (3 July 2018). "Archbishop Philip Wilson sentenced to 12 months' detention for child abuse cover-up". ABC News. Retrieved 3 July 2018.
- ^ Rigney, Sam (3 July 2018). "Archbishop Philip Wilson sentenced for concealing child sexual abuse". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 3 July 2018.
- ^ "Archbishop Philip Wilson to lodge appeal against conviction". ABC News. 4 July 2018. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
- ^ "Malcolm Turnbull tells Pope to sack Archbishop Philip Wilson after court ruling". ABC News. 19 July 2018. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
- ^ "Adelaide archbishop Philip Wilson resigns after sentence for concealing child abuse". The Guardian. Australian Associated Press. 30 July 2018.
- ^ "French Court Rules Out a Right to Professional Secrecy". Zenit. 4 September 2001. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
- ^ Lesegretain, Claire (9 June 2017). "Non-dénonciation de pédophilie : en 2001, Mgr Pierre Pican était condamné à trois mois de prison avec sursis". La Croix (in French). Retrieved 4 July 2018.
- ^ Eligon, John; Goodstein, Laurie (7 September 2012). "Kansas City Bishop Convicted of Shielding Pedophile". The New York Times. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
- ^ Notzon, Nancy (14 August 2018). "Former archbishop Philip Wilson to serve sentence at home for concealing child sex abuse". ABC News. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
- ^ "Archbishop Philip Wilson avoids jail, to serve sentence as home detention". Illawarra Mercury. 14 August 2018. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
- ^ "Former archbishop Philip Wilson acquitted of covering up child sexual abuse". The Guardian. 6 December 2018. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
- ^ a b Wakatama, Giselle (6 December 2018). "Former Adelaide archbishop Philip Wilson's conviction for concealing child sexual abuse quashed". ABC News. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
- ^ Wakatama, Giselle; Millington, Ben (19 December 2018). "Catholic Archbishop Philip Wilson to escape further trial, as DPP decides not to appeal". ABC News. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
- ^ "Circular – Plebiscite on Marriage by Philip Wilson".
- ^ Giangravè, Claire (18 August 2017). "Vote 'No' on same-sex marriage but show respect, Australian bishops say". Crux. Archived from the original on 4 July 2018. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
- ^ "Philip Wilson, former Catholic Archbishop of Adelaide, dies aged 70". ABC. 17 January 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2021.