Philipps House (until 1916 Dinton House[1]) is an early 19th-century Neo-Grecian country house at Dinton, overlooking the Nadder valley about 8 miles (13 km) west of Salisbury, Wiltshire, England. The house was built in 1816 by William Wyndham to the designs of Sir Jeffry Wyatville, replacing a 17th-century house. In 1916 the estate was bought by Bertram Philipps, who renamed the house after himself, then in 1943 gave the house and grounds to the National Trust. The is Grade II* listed[2] and its parkland (known as Dinton Park is Grade II* on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.[3]
The house is built of Chilmark stone, a local stone also used for Salisbury Cathedral, and Wyatt is believed to have based his design on Pythouse, some seven miles (11 km) away at Newtown, near Tisbury. The house is two-storied with symmetrically set chimney stacks and a central lantern. The main (south) front has nine bays with an Ionic portico. The rooms are planned around a spacious square hall with an imperial staircase to the first floor. The house is one of the first in England to have a central heating system installed, which was achieved by pumping hot air from a boiler in the basement into the stairwell.[4]
History
editThe house was designed by Jeffry Wyatt, later Sir Jeffry Wyatville for William Wyndham (1769–1841), a descendant of Sir Wadham Wyndam,[4] and was built between 1814 and 1817 on the site of an earlier, demolished seventeenth-century house, Dinton House, which had been the Wyndham family home since 1689. It was sold in 1916 by William Wyndham (1868–1951) of Orchard Wyndham in Somerset, whose father William VI Wyndham (1834–1914), of Dinton House, had inherited Orchard Wyndham as heir male to his grandfather William IV Wyndham (1769–1841), of Dinton, under the will of his distant cousin George Francis Wyndham, 4th Earl of Egremont (1786–1845) (who shared common descent from Sir John Wyndham (1558–1645) of Orchard Wyndham).[5]
In 1917 foreclosure proceedings were brought against Dinton House and its estate. The estate was bought by Bertram Erasmus Philipps (1870–1947), a descendant of the Philipps baronets of Picton Castle (1621 creation);[6][7] who renamed the house after himself. He was High Sheriff of Wiltshire in 1923.[8][9] Philipps and his wife, who had no children, annually hosted the pupils from the village school for a tea party at Philipps House with sports and fireworks.[10]
In 1936, Philipps leased the house to the YWCA and moved to nearby Hyde's House, a former rectory which he had bought in 1924 and where he lived until his death.[11][12][13] During World War II, the park in front of Philipps House was requisitioned for use by the United States Army Air Force, who erected a number of Nissen huts there. In 1943 Philipps gave the house and 250 acres (1.0 km2) of parkland to the National Trust, along with Hyde's House as well as a number of paintings owned by the Wyndham and Philipps families.[14]
National Trust
editAlthough the house and estate became the property of the National Trust, the property was handed over on the condition that it would continue to be leased to the YWCA, on a peppercorn rent, for as long as they had use for it. During their occupation the house was predominantly used as an artists' retreat, providing residential art courses for amateur and semi-professional painters.[citation needed]
The interior spaces were converted into artist studios with bedrooms available for paying guests. The grounds and outlying area also provided locations for landscape painting.[citation needed]
The YWCA remained at Philipps House until 1995. Despite the art courses being as heavily subscribed to as ever, the withdrawal of the YWCA was inevitable after the terms of the lease were changed when it was presented to the YWCA for renewal, a process that occurred every ten years. The lease transferred the cost of maintaining the structure of the house and other amenities from the National Trust to the YWCA at a time when many major works were due, such as laying new pipes from the neighbouring village of Dinton.[citation needed]
After the YWCA left, the National Trust carried out a refurbishment of the house, which was leased to a tenant family. As of March 2023, the house remains closed to the public. The parkland that surrounds the house is still known as Dinton Park, and is accessible to the public.[14]
References
edit- ^ Burke's Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Landed Gentry, 15th Edition, ed. Pirie-Gordon, H., London, 1937, p.2512, Dinton House sold by Wyndham family in 1916
- ^ Historic England. "Phillips House (1318756)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
- ^ Historic England. "Dinton Park (1001231)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
- ^ a b "Victoria County History: Wiltshire: Vol 8 pp25-34: Dinton". British History Online. University of London. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
- ^ Burke's Landed Gentry, 1937, p.2511, pedigree of Wyndham
- ^ Arthur Charles Fox-Davies (1895). Armorial Families. Jack. p. 787.
- ^ Bertram was the 5th son of the Reverend Sir James Erasmus Philipps, 12th baronet, of Picton Castle, Vicar of Warminster, Wilshire. His brothers were John Philipps, 1st Viscount St Davids; Owen Philipps, 1st Baron Kylsant; Major-General Sir Ivor Philipps; and Laurence Philipps, 1st Baron Milford; several of them were Members of Parliament and directors or stockholders in the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company and other shipping companies.
- ^ "Philipps House," Art UK – Your Paintings, accessed 22 June 2013.
- ^ "Philipps House (Dinton House)," The DiCamillo Companion, accessed 22 June 2013.
- ^ "Dinton Church of England VC Primary School". Wiltshire Community History. Wiltshire Council. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
- ^ "Dinton – Andrews Newspaper Index Cards, 1790–1976," Wiltshire OPC, 2011, accessed 22 June 2013
- ^ "Dinton Recreation Ground," South Wilshire Strategic Alliance, accessed 22 June 2013
- ^ Philipps died intestate on 10 February 1947 at Menton, France, where he was staying with his wife, Florence, who died a week earlier on February 4. Philipps's brother Laurence, Baron Milford, was subsequently appointed his personal representative for the probate of his estate.
- ^ a b "Dinton Park and Philipps House". National Trust. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
Bibliography
edit- Anon, 1954, Philipps House, Dinton, Wiltshire: A Property of the National Trust, Curwen Press for the National Trust, 6 pages
- James Lees-Milne, 1943, "Dinton House" Country Life 17 December 1943
- Pevsner, Nikolaus; Cherry, Bridget (revision) (1975) [1963]. Wiltshire. The Buildings of England (2nd ed.). Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. p. 219. ISBN 978-0-14-0710-26-7.
External links
edit
- National Trust: Philipps House and Dinton Park
- "Dinton," Wiltshire Community History, Wiltshire Council – history, maps, and links concerning the civil parish of Dinton, along with the history of Philipps House and Dinton Park
- "Phillips House", Art UK – images of paintings given to the National Trust by Bertram Philipps in 1943
- Wikidata List of Paintings at Philipps House
- Photos of Philipps House and Dinton Park
- "Dinton House", Heritage Group of the Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers, accessed 4 January 2013 – images, history, and floor plan of the house's original central heating system, said to be one of the first in the nation